Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of Malay Elderly on Salt Intake and Its Relationship With Blood Pressure

Abstract

Hypertension is a worldwide problem and a major global health burden with high salt intake as one of the factors often related to it. Public exposure to a high salt diet has contributed to the increase in prevalence of hypertension among the Malaysian population. Improving the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to salt intake is a key component of effective blood pressure control. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the association of KAP of healthy salt intake toward blood pressure among the elderly residing in a semi urban area of Klang Valley Malaysia. A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted among Malay elderly, aged 60–81 years old residing in Bandar Baru Bangi. Subjects were required to answer the questionnaire via face to face interview regarding KAP of Salt Intake, together with sociodemographic and health profiles. Anthropometry parameters and blood pressure were measured. A total of 94 elderly [57.5% women with mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 26. 46 ± 4.16, 42.5% men with mean BMI of 27.31 ± 5.19] have participated in the study. Results indicated that the overall KAP score was average (57.4%). However, majority showed a positive attitude toward reducing the salt intake. BMI was found to have significant correlation with blood pressure (r = 0.278, p < 0.05). Higher education level was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with good knowledge scores while younger subjects have a positive attitude toward healthy intake of salt (p < 0.05). Subjects with higher knowledge scores were also observed to have the more controlled blood pressure compared to those who scored less. Attitude and practices score showed no significance difference (p > 0.05) with blood pressure. Younger age, higher level of education and living partner or elderly was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Overall, this study showed that knowledge toward healthy salt intake, BMI, education level, and living with others were significantly associated with the blood pressure among the elderly. Further education and intervention is required to improve knowledge on healthy salt intake among elderly as part of the prevention from hypertension.

Association between Eating Habits and Sodium Intake among Chinese University Students

“…In comparison with prior research [ 50 , 51 ], our study indicated that behavior was the only salt-related KAP associated with dietary sodium intake among college students. Additionally, based on our findings, college students scored the highest in knowledge related to salt intake, followed by a decrease in the proportion of high scores in attitudes, and the lowest high scores in behavior.…”

Online Health Education's Influence on Productive-Age's Population Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Hypertension

“…According to our findings, demographic factors had no effect on aftermath results after receiving the intervention. It is contradictory to previous studies in which gender and age were found to influence acceptance and behavior [31,32]. However, a study conducted by Anyanti et al [28] had similar results to ours, finding no significant effect of age and gender on participants' knowledge, which is consistent with our study's findings.…”

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