Knowledge, attitudes and practices on tuberculosis infection prevention and associated factors among rural and urban adults in northeast Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

Kazaura, Method; Kamazima, Switbert R.

doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000104

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Finally, it should be noted that in Ethiopia, the proportion of people with good practices was significantly higher among people with good knowledge of TB [24]. It also suggests a link between the knowledge of the disease and the adoption of best practices related to it, as pointed out by Kazaura and Kamazima [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Assessment of abattoir workers and livestock keepers’ knowledge and practices regarding bovine tuberculosis in Senegal

Hamid,

Dahourou,

Alambedji

2024

Int J One Health

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Background and Aim: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major zoonosis in Senegal, accounting for 33% of all zoonotic disease reports in 2019. The aim of this study was to assess bovine TB knowledge and practices of abattoir workers in Dakar and livestock farmers in Pout. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on knowledge and practices of Dakar abattoir workers (butchers, transporters, sellers, and animal health workers) and Pout livestock farmers regarding bovine tuberculosis. R 3.2.6 was used for descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Fischer’s exact tests, and STATA 13 was used for univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results: A total of 274 abattoir workers and livestock farmers were interviewed: 103 (37.6%) from Dakar abattoir and 171 (62.4%) from Pout farms. Respondents were predominantly male (75.2%), aged 30–59 years (67.5%), and had at least 10 years of experience (51.8%). The majority (98.2%) were aware of TB, but only 31.4% knew that it was zoonotic. Only 2.5% (7/274) of participants had satisfactory TB knowledge, which differed according to study area, experience, profession, and good practice (p = 0.05). Abattoir workers were 11 times more likely than farmers to have good TB knowledge (odds ratio [OR] = 11.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–114.3). Respondents with 5–10 years of experience were 16.9 times more likely to have good knowledge of TB (OR = 16.9; 95% CI = 1.7–163.4). The majority of participants preferred raw milk (83.6%) and undercooked meat (83.6%). Only 29.6% of participants had good practices, which differed with respect to study area, gender, marital status, age, occupation, and knowledge of TB (p = 0.05). Age (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3–8.3) was identified as a good practice adoption predictor. Conclusion: Globally, there was a low level of good knowledge and practices regarding TB among respondents. There is a need for mass education through multi-sectoral collaboration between health professionals (humans and animals) using a One Health approach. Keywords: animal, human, public health, tuberculosis, zoonosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Assessment of abattoir workers and livestock keepers’ knowledge and practices regarding bovine tuberculosis in Senegal

Hamid,

Dahourou,

Alambedji

2024

Int J One Health

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“…Other grievances included long waiting times, hectic administrative processes [ 60 ] and perceived ill behaviour from service providers [ 42 ]. On the other hand, people were willing to enrol or renew the services if the quality was improved [ 20 , 71 – 74 , 115 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the National Health Insurance Program of Nepal: are political promises translated into actions?

Khanal¹,

Bharadwaj

Upadhyay

et al. 2023

Health Res Policy Sys

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Background Despite political promise to reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure on healthcare through the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) of Nepal, its implementation is challenging with low enrolment and high drop-out rates. Program performance can often be linked with political economy considerations and interests of stakeholders. This study aimed to develop an in-depth understanding of organizational and systemic challenges in implementing NHIP. Methods We conducted a structured narrative review of available literature on the NHIP in Nepal. We analysed data using a political economy analysis for health financing reform framework. The findings were explained under six broad categories: interest groups, bureaucracy, budgets, leadership, beneficiary and external actors. In addition, we triangulated and further presented the literature review findings using expert opinions (views expressed in public forums). Results Nepal has formulated acts, rules, regulations, and policies to implement NHIP. Under this program, the Health Insurance Board (HIB) is the purchaser of health services, and health facilities under the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) are the providers. The NHIP has been rolled out in all 77 districts. Several challenges have hindered the performance of NHIP at the policy and implementation levels. Challenges under interest groups included inadequate or delayed reimbursement and drop-out of hospitals in implementing the programme. Bureaucracy-related challenges were hegemony of provider over the purchaser, and inadequate staff (delay in the approval of organogram of HIB). There was inadequate monitoring of premium collection, and claim reimbursement was higher than collected premium. Challenges under leadership included high political commitments but weak translation into action, consideration of health insurance as poor return on investment, and intention of leaders to privatize the NHIP. Beneficiaries experienced compromised quality of care or lack of services when needed, high drop-out rates and low interest in renewal of premiums. External actors provided technical assistance in policy design but limited support in implementation. Conclusions Despite enabling a policy environment, the NHIP faced many challenges in implementation. There is an urgent need for institutional arrangements (e.g. digitalization of claims and reimbursement, endorsement of organogram of HIB and recruitment of staff), increased coverage of financial protection and service (increased benefit package and introduction of cost-sharing/co-payment model), legislative reforms (e.g. legal provision for cost-sharing mechanism, integration of fragmented schemes, tripartite agreement to reimburse claims and accreditation of health facilities to ensure quality healthcare), and leveraging technical support from the external actors. High levels of commitment and accountability among political leaders and bureaucrats are required to strengthen financial sustainability and implementation.

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“…These false beliefs concerning the cause of obstetric fistula are widespread in rural areas. According to a study by Kazaura et al, obstetric fistula was linked to missing family planning pills for a few days [54]. Similarly, obstetric fistula has been linked to cultural spirits and having sex while pregnant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMREF Awareness Creation Campaign and Reduction of Obstetrics Fistula Stigma: Evidence from Misungwi District, Tanzania

Mgaya,

Mwila

2023

ARJASS

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Obstetric fistula is a maternal health issue. According to statistics, 3,000 Tanzanian women have obstetric fistula each year. Women, particularly in certain rural regions, endure extended periods of untreated fistula. They experience tremendous psychological stress throughout this time of obstetric fistula pain. In this study, women's empowerment and psychosocial fistula campaigns were used as a case study to explore how AMREF awareness-raising initiatives helped to lessen the stigma associated with obstetric fistula in the Misungwi area. The study employed a sample size of 40 participants, including fistula survivors, healthcare professionals, and fistula ambassadors. Both qualitative and quantitative data gathering techniques were employed in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. According to the study, 54% of the fistula survivors learned about the condition from people who were identified as "fistula ambassadors," followed by 26% of health professionals, 18% of people who heard about it through media such as radio, and 2% of older women. No one mentioned their own personal experiences. According to the research, 60% of the survivors said they searched for health information frequently, 30% said they did so only when necessary, and the remaining 10% said they did not so frequently. The study also showed that 27% of the survivors did not believe that the community had adequate awareness about fistula, whereas 73% of the survivors saw that the community had enough awareness. The stigma associated with not knowing about fistula can be upsetting and invalidating, but it also has more serious effects, including promoting intolerance, fear, and prejudice against other individuals. To have a positive impact on the obstetric fistula programme, organizations should collaborate with respected community members, including local decision-makers, religious leaders, traditional healers, midwives, and other professionals in the health care industry.

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Knowledge, attitudes and practices on tuberculosis infection prevention and associated factors among rural and urban adults in northeast Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Assessment of abattoir workers and livestock keepers’ knowledge and practices regarding bovine tuberculosis in Senegal

Assessment of abattoir workers and livestock keepers’ knowledge and practices regarding bovine tuberculosis in Senegal

Evaluation of the National Health Insurance Program of Nepal: are political promises translated into actions?

AMREF Awareness Creation Campaign and Reduction of Obstetrics Fistula Stigma: Evidence from Misungwi District, Tanzania

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