Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to African Swine Fever Within Smallholder Pig Production in Northern Uganda

Chenais, Erika; Boqvist, Sofia; Lewerin, Susanna Sternberg; Emanuelson, Ulf; Ouma, Emily A.; Dione, Michel; Aliro, Tonny; Crafoord, Frida; Masembe, Charles; Ståhl, Karl

doi:10.1111/tbed.12347

Cited by 80 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Lessons learned from participatory research ( Jacobson, 2013;Calderon, 2013) and from recent social science engagement with PE (Leach and Scoones, 2013;Tschakert et al, 2016;Craddock and Hinchliffe, 2015;Coffin et al, 2015) indicate that this can have a significant impact on the validity and local relevance of PE research results in the future. It could help us see (and ultimately address) how power dynamics with-in local communities, as well as between smallholders and authorities, affect disease impact and control (Craddock and Hinchliffe, 2015), and bring important clarity to the multiple factors influencing human behaviour and habits crucial for disease control, while avoiding over-simplistic explanation models citing "lack of knowledge" as the main cause of continuous disease transmission (Coffin et al, 2015;Chenais et al, 2015b;Tschakert et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where is the Participation in Participatory Epidemiology? How Engagement with Social Science could lead to Improved Understanding and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants

Fischer¹,

Chenais²,

Torsson³

et al. 2016

BJV

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| Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is a potentially lethal, highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. Domestic sheep and goats are important species for the livelihoods of poor people in many developing countries. Within societies where PPR is now spreading, poverty is widespread and the disease is expected to have significant negative impacts on livelihoods. In resource-constrained marginalised societies, it is often difficult to collect disease data in conventional ways. Participatory epidemiology (PE) has been suggested as a particularly suitable research method to study epidemiology and social impacts of diseases in these contexts. However, for PE to achieve its full potential, stronger efforts to achieve true participation and to incorporate lessons about participation and power from the social sciences may be required. This review shows that social science engagement in PE to date is virtually non-existent, but that increased efforts to draw lessons from the social sciences and to increase the degree of participation in PE could increase its potential as an important tool in disease impact assessment and control. Particular attention is paid here to the potential role of PE in future research on the epidemiology and control of PPR. P este des Petits ruminants (PPR) is an economically important and highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. It is the fourth most important disease of small ruminants world-wide, based on losses of livestock units (World Bank, 2011). Domestic sheep and goats are important species for poor people in many developing countries, where farming and animal husbandry make a critical contribution to the livelihoods of a significant share of households. In particular, the poorest groups in such smallholder farming societies, who have limited possibilities to invest in larger and higher value animals, depend on sheep and goat rearing (Perry et al., 2002). Thus the spread of PPR could have a particularly negative impact on the poorest and, consequently, controlling PPR can be expected to bring increased livelihood security to many of the rural poor.In the kinds of societies where PPR is now spreading, it is often difficult both to collect data and to implement disease control strategies in conventional ways, due to lack of infrastructure and lack of established systems for, and local experience of, collecting reliable quantitative data. Participatory epidemiology (PE) has been suggested as a particularly suitable methodology for both implementing disease control practices

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where is the Participation in Participatory Epidemiology? How Engagement with Social Science could lead to Improved Understanding and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants

Fischer¹,

Chenais²,

Torsson³

et al. 2016

BJV

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“…As a result, producers are reluctant or unable to invest in improving management by confining their pigs, feeding them on commercial rations and providing basic health care (Lekule & Kyvsgaard, ; Penrith et al., ; Verhulst, ). The risks posed by feeding pigs garbage, either as swill or by releasing them to scavenge, and by selling pigs through agents who move from farm to farm, are compounded by panic selling of pigs and infected pork during outbreaks of ASF, which serves to spread the disease (Brown et al., ; Chenais, Boqvist, Sternbgerg‐Lewerin, et al., ; Dione, Ouma, Opio, Kawuma, & Pezo, ; Dione et al., ; Lichoti et al., ; Muwonge et al., ; Nantima et al., ). A survey of pig sales patterns on the border between Kenya and Uganda revealed that producers selling sick pigs tend to seek markets in communities further away from their usual outlets (Lichoti et al., ).…”

Section: Transmission Routes Of Asfv In Domestic Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The origin of reported outbreaks is frequently unknown but there is sufficient information to build a certain level of understanding of the drivers of ASF maintenance and spread in Africa and the relative importance of African wild suids and domestic pigs in the epidemiology of ASF in Africa today. Studies in resource‐poor pig‐keeping communities in African countries, in particular, have demonstrated that socio‐economic factors are major constraints for control of ASF (Chenais, Boqvist, Emanuelson, et al., ; Chenais, Boqvist, Sternberg‐Lewerin, et al., ). The aim of the study is to provide information useful for future research planning and ASF management strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Penrith

Bastos

Etter

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

105

119

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African swine fever (ASF) is believed to have evolved in eastern and southern Africa in a sylvatic cycle between common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) and argasid ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata complex that live in their burrows. The involvement of warthogs and possibly other wild suids in the maintenance of ASF virus means that the infection cannot be eradicated from Africa, but only prevented and controlled in domestic pig populations. Historically, outbreaks of ASF in domestic pigs in Africa were almost invariably linked to the presence of warthogs, but subsequent investigations of the disease in pigs revealed the presence of another cycle involving domestic pigs and ticks, with a third cycle becoming apparent when the disease expanded into West Africa where the sylvatic cycle is not present. The increase in ASF outbreaks that has accompanied the exponential growth of the African pig population over the last three decades has heralded a shift in the epidemiology of ASF in Africa, and the growing importance of the pig husbandry and trade in the maintenance and spread of ASF. This review, which focuses on the ASF situation between 1989 and 2017, suggests a minor role for wild suids compared with the domestic cycle, driven by socio‐economic factors that determine the ability of producers to implement the control measures needed for better management of ASF in Africa.

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“…Pigs in infected areas should be confined (instead of held outdoors) in order to prevent them from coming into contact with wild boar or pigs from other farms, as well as to prevent scavenging activities. Control failures may be caused by cultural practices (Mur, Atzeni, et al., ), trade of infected products and the taboo of throwing away food observed in some cultures (Chenais et al., ).…”

Section: Prevention Detection and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaps in African swine fever: Analysis and priorities

Arias¹,

Jurado

Gallardo³

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

135

126

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SummaryAfrican swine fever (ASF) causes greater sanitary, social and economic impacts on swine herds than many other swine diseases. Although ASF was first described in 1921 and it has affected more than fifty countries in Africa, Europe and South America, several key issues about its pathogenesis, immune evasion and epidemiology remain uncertain. This article reviews the main characteristics of the causative virus, its molecular epidemiology, natural hosts, clinical features, epidemiology and control worldwide. It also identifies and prioritizes gaps in ASF from a horizontal point of view encompassing fields including molecular biology, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis and vaccine development. The purpose of this review is to promote ASF research and enhance its control.

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to African Swine Fever Within Smallholder Pig Production in Northern Uganda

Cited by 80 publications

References 27 publications

Where is the Participation in Participatory Epidemiology? How Engagement with Social Science could lead to Improved Understanding and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants

Where is the Participation in Participatory Epidemiology? How Engagement with Social Science could lead to Improved Understanding and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Gaps in African swine fever: Analysis and priorities

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