“…12) billion, with extreme estimates ranging from 1 to 1000 billion. In addition to the difficulty of estimating the carrying capacity parameter, which should furthermore evolve with environmental change, some of those models, such as Dolgonosov (2016) and Okuducu and Aral (2017), introduce another endogenous variable representing the informational, or knowledge, state of humanity. The general knowledge-related measure of civilization's progress, and the additional parameters that come with its formulation, hardly find a correspondence with real world data, which may cast further doubts on the calibration and prospective results of those models.…”