Knowledge-based economies: the European employment debate in a new context

Lifelong Learning as a European Skill Formation Policy

“…In terms of occupational employment, the fastest growth is expected to occur in managerial, professional, and technical occupations, all of which are associated with high levels of education and training, and among "service workers," assuming that generic skills will dominate. The most striking result, however, is that the top 20 growing occupations are in the health sector and in education and training that is significantly below the level of the bachelor's degree, which one would not expect of a knowledge society (Lindley, 2003).…”

“…To set up a European policy on employment, the connection to the knowledge economy is evident (Lindley, 2003). Lindley distinguishes between a knowledge, an information, and a learning society.…”

“…Learning is critical to all of these societies in terms of accommodation, assimilation, and transformation; dependent on issues, context, and conditions; and to individuals, organizations, and nations in terms of new skill formations (Illeris, 2002;Lindley, 2003;Nijhof, 2000). These systems should help to create employability, equal access to information, and social cohesion.…”

Reviewing the Knowledge Systems of Innovation and the Associated Roles of Major Stakeholders in the Indian Context

“…Comparatively, Drucker (1985) considered innovation as "a specific instrument of the entrepreneur" and an "output of knowledge-based systems". For Lindley (2003), a knowledge system, much like a society, is "a process of structural change leading to the production diffusion and use of knowledge in the economy with a potential to play a major role in wealth creation". Twarog (2003) describes knowledge systems as entities comprised of research systems, higher-education institutions, industries and governments, policy making bodies, and R&D labs that integrate several factors of innovations and its respective aiding mechanisms.…”

Reviewing the Knowledge Systems of Innovation and the Associated Roles of Major Stakeholders in the Indian Context

“…Comparatively, Drucker (1985) considered innovation as "a specific instrument of the entrepreneur" and an "output of knowledge-based systems". For Lindley (2003), a knowledge system, much like a society, is "a process of structural change leading to the production diffusion and use of knowledge in the economy with a potential to play a major role in wealth creation". Twarog (2003) describes knowledge systems as entities comprised of research systems, higher-education institutions, industries and governments, policy making bodies, and R&D labs that integrate several factors of innovations and its respective aiding mechanisms.…”