Knowledge-based help systems

Fischer, Gerhard; Lemke, Andreas; Schwab, Thomas

doi:10.1145/1165385.317487

Cited by 71 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…ACTIVIST [23] is a critic in the form of an active help system for a text editor. ACTIVIST looks "over the shoulder" of a user and infers user goals from observed actions.…”

Section: Descriptions Of Some Of Our Critiquing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of critiquing in cooperative problem solving

Fischer

Lemke

Mastaglio

et al. 1991

ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.

Self Cite

121

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Cooperative problem-solving systems help users design solutions themselves as opposed to having solutions designed for them. Critiquing-presenting a reasoned opinion about a user's product or action-is a major activity of a cooperative problem-solving system. Critics make the constructed artifact "talk back" to the user. Conditions under which critics are more appropriate than autonomous expert systems are discussed. Critics should be embedded in integrated design environments along with other components, such as an argumentative hypertext system, a specification component, and a catalog. Critics support learning as a by-product of problem solving. The major subprocesses of critiquing are goal acquisition, product analysis, critiquing strategies, adaptation capability, explanation and argumentation, and advisory capability. The generality of the critiquing approach is demonstrated by discussing critiquing systems developed in our group and elsewhere. Limitations of many current critics include their inability to learn about specific user goals and their intervention strategies.

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“…ACTIVIST [23] is a critic in the form of an active help system for a text editor. ACTIVIST looks "over the shoulder" of a user and infers user goals from observed actions.…”

Section: Descriptions Of Some Of Our Critiquing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of critiquing in cooperative problem solving

Fischer

Lemke

Mastaglio

et al. 1991

ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.

Self Cite

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In such situations, metrics are needed to measure the quality of alternative solutions (Fischer, Lemke & Schwab, 1985). Based on the controversial nature of design problems, alternative, conflicting metrics can be defined and may have to be reconciled by negotiation and argumentation.…”

Section: Product Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACTIVIST (Fischer, Lemke & Schwab, 1985) is a critic for a text editor, which critiques keystroke sequences and, if possible, proposes shorter alternatives. Systems such as ACTIVIST face several problems: action sequences are hard to delineate; sequences of actions may constitute a useful plan but may also be the beginning of a different, larger, not yet complete plan, and different plans may overlap or be included within each other.…”

Section: Product Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…User modeling in critics (Fischer, Lemke & Schwab, 1985) shares ideas and goals with student modeling in intelligent tutoring systems (Clancey, 1986) and advice giving natural language dialogue systems (Kobsa & Wahlster, 1989). Computer critics require dynamic, persistent user models that can change over time but are accessible to the human user for inspection and modification.…”

Section: Adaptation Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACTIVIST (Fischer, Lemke & Schwab, 1985) is an active help system for a screen-oriented editor. ACTIVIST continuously monitors the editing actions of the user.…”

Section: Short Descriptions Of Criticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Critics: an emerging approach to knowledge-based human-computer interaction

Fischer

Lemke

Mastaglio

et al. 1991

International Journal of Man-Machine Studies

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Proposal of a skill level index based on user's thinking time

Nakamura

Kato

Mitsunaga

1996

Electron Comm Jpn Pt III

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The time required to accomplish a task is the most common index of skill level. A learning curve that expresses the deductive process in relation to time needed is widely used. However, it does not always provide an accurate picture, because it cannot be used for a task that has an irregular form. And it cannot perform evaluations in real time during user operation. Moreover, because it is influenced by an error factor, it lacks precision. Studies have already been undertaken on a basic user adaptive interface. However, to increase its effectiveness and enable it to provide more intelligent support, it is necessary to consider the user's skill level. Thus, a skill level index is provided based on the user's thinking time.To put it more concretely, the authors looked at the time interval between one operation and the next. Using a statistical technique, we evaluated the shll level quantitatively. Experiments with test subjects showed that the proposed index coincides well with the subjectivity of the experimenter and the working time. The features of this index are that it does not depend directly on the content of the task, but on the user's cognitive performance. Therefore, this index can be used for a task with an irregular form and will provide real-time evaluation by repeatedly gathering event data at regular intervals.

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Knowledge-based help systems

Cited by 71 publications

References 3 publications

The role of critiquing in cooperative problem solving

The role of critiquing in cooperative problem solving

Critics: an emerging approach to knowledge-based human-computer interaction

Proposal of a skill level index based on user's thinking time

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