Knowledge-based innovation and collaboration: a triple-helix approach in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

This study analyzed the research productivity of Saudi academics using the triple-helix model. In the analysis, we combined domestic and international collaboration by three sectors-university, industry, and government-according to the model of the triple-helix. This approach produces better results than by simply including international collaboration as fourth sector. According to the analysis, research collaboration in Saudi Arabia which is measured by the triple-helix, was ''-'' uncertainty (negative T-value) while scientific productivity has been dramatically increasing since the late 2000s. The triplehelix collaboration does not quite differ between domestic collaboration and ''domestic and international'' collaborations. In our further analysis, we found that technological development was not based on scientific research in Saudi Arabia; rather, the technological development relies on prior technology (patent references). From that point, Saudi Arabia's current long-term strategic plan to develop a scientific base for a knowledge-based industry is well aligned to the current contexts of Saudi Arabia.

Organizing practices of university, industry and government that facilitate (or impede) the transition to a hybrid triple helix model of innovation

“…In this regard, we have responded and contribute to calls for new approaches to the study and theorizing the evolution of triple helix model of innovation [20,22,100]. By pointing to a complex web of organizing practices that may constitutively enable (or impede) the successful transition to a more dynamic model of national innovation, our findings bring to fore the challenges faced by Malaysia and other developing countries in implementing their science and technology policies effectively.…”

A bibliometric-based evaluation on environmental research in the Arab world

“…Saudi Arabia showed high rates of collaboration with other countries. This finding may be an outcome of the fact that Saudi Arabia had bigger pool of international scholars than most other countries (Shin et al 2011). Egypt was the second most collaborated country with Saudi Arabia and vice versa.…”

“…For Saudi Arabia which has massive oil 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 For the small number of articles, the interquartile range was not available c Proportion of published documents with international authors (i.e. from other Arab and non-Arab countries) from the total documents published by each country reserves and considered as the largest producer of crude oil, the predicted declining of oil production (Simmons 2006) associated with the rapid increase in population growth which rated as the highest in Arab world (3.24% is the annual growth, while the average in Arab world is 2.37%) (Onsman 2010) was the pillars to diversify its economy and to establish a world class science and technology sector through building technology incubators (Alshumaimri et al 2010;Shin et al 2011). This country is turning into a regional hub for advanced education and research and shifting its economy into knowledge-based one instead of oil-based one (Meo 2015;Shin et al 2011).…”

Effect of international collaboration on knowledge flow within an innovation system: a Triple Helix approach

“…It has been used widely to assess countries or region profiles (e.g. Leydesdorff and Sun 2009;Khan and Park 2011;Shin et al 2012;Leydesdorff et al 2013a;Mêgnigbêto 2013a;Mêgnigbêto 2015a;Mêgnigbêto 2015b) or assess the knowledge base of economies (e.g. Park et al 2005;Park et al 2005;Leydesdorff and Zhou 2013;Leydesdorff et al 2015).…”

“…Secondly, Choi et al (2015) studied the intra-sector co-authorship at the international level. And thirdly, Shin et al (2012) combined domestic and international collaboration by university, industry and government and their bi-or trilateral output. The abovementioned studies computed neither the synergy or knowledge the national innovation actors contributed abroad nor its effect on the synergy or knowledge creation and sharing at national level; therefore, they could not measure the real amount of knowledge that circulates among an areas' innovation actors (Mêgnigbêto 2015a;Mêgnigbêto 2015b).…”