Knowledge-Based Public Order Policing: Principles and Practice

Reicher, Stephen; Stott, Clifford; Drury, John; Adang, Otto; Cronin, Patrick; Livingstone, Andrew

doi:10.1093/police/pam067

Cited by 104 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As such, this appeared to confirm a considerable body of extant work on the policing of public (dis)order which suggests that the eruption of violence is often the consequence of interactions between the police and crowds and, relatedly, that the prevention or avoidance of violence can also be influenced by such interactions (see for example McPhail et al, 1998;Reicher et al, 2007). As a consequence it was argued that it was largely matters at the interactional level of the flashpoints model that were key.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Reflections on why riots don’t happen

Newburn

2015

Theoretical Criminology

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Abstract:In contrast to much of the literature in the field of public disorder, rather than focusing on the nature and aetiology of riots, in this paper I investigate why riots don't happen. During times of widespread disorder there are some locations that, whilst apparently sharing many of the features of the places where significant disorder is occurring, do not fall prey to rioting themselves. Why? Against the backdrop of the 2011 England riots -though the arguments developed here have international application -I use two case studies involving semi-structured interviews with key informants in two such locations to reflect on why riots don't happen. Initially drawing on Waddington's 'flashpoints' model, I argue that it was primarily matters at an interactional level that appear to have been crucial in the absence of riots in these particular cases. In order to facilitate a more detailed analysis at this level in particular, I propose some elaboration of the flashpoints approach, using Reicher's 'social identity' model, as the basis understanding the nature of police-crowd and policecommunity interaction.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Reflections on why riots don’t happen

Newburn

2015

Theoretical Criminology

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“…Research based on the social identity approach may also provide insights into this relationship. Studies of interactions between the public and police during football matches indicate that successful communication strategies, and the perceived sufficiency of practical information provided, result in increased perceptions of police legitimacy (Reicher, Stott, Drury, Adang, Cronin, & Livingstone, 2007;Stott, Adang, Livingstone, & Schreiber, 2008). These increased perceptions of legitimacy have been shown to increase public compliance with instructions (Stott, Hoggett, & Pearson, 2012), and reduce conflict between police and members of the public (Stott et al, 2008), by increasing shared identity between police and members of the public.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Responder Legitimacy and Group Identification Predict Cooperation and Compliance in a Mass Decontamination Field Exercise

Carter

Drury

Amlôt

et al. 2013

Basic and Applied Social Psychology

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Emergency responders' failure to communicate effectively during decontamination following a chemical or biological incident has been associated with increased public anxiety and reduced public compliance. In this study we applied the social identity approach to evaluating a field exercise that involved mass decontamination. Questionnaires were collected from 115 volunteers, who participated in the exercise as simulated casualties. Volunteers' perceptions of effective responder communication predicted increased self-reported compliance with decontamination, mediated by perceived responder legitimacy and identification with other group members. Developing effective communication strategies using a social psychology perspective could improve the way in which incidents are managed. The likelihood of an incident involving CBRN agents has increased in recent years (Alexander & Klein, 2006;HM Government, 2010;Holdsworth, Bland, & O'Reilly, 2012;O'Brien, 2011;Schneidmiller, 2012), and therefore the development of effective management strategies for incidents involving decontamination is more important than ever. Research into small scale incidents involving decontamination has shown that a successful communication strategy, and respect for public concerns about privacy and modesty, are essential to facilitate the successful management of these types of incidents (Vogt & Sorensen, 2002). Failure to communicate effectively or to show respect for public concerns about privacy may result in non-compliance with the decontamination process (U.S. Fire Administration, 1997), either directly, perhaps through concerns about perceived legitimacy of the intervention, or indirectly, through producing anxiety (Hanley, 1999). High levels of public noncompliance and anxiety are therefore two factors which could hinder the successful management of the decontamination process during a real life incident; an understanding of the factors which affect non-4 compliance and anxiety will be crucial for generating recommendations for the management of incidents involving decontamination. Whilst the evidence above provides important insights into the way members of the public experience the decontamination process, it is taken from small-scale incidents (< 30 people), rather than incidents involving mass decontamination. Mass decontamination may present different challenges for members of the public and responders since it involves crowds (Edwards, Caldicott, Eliseo, & Pearce, 2006). Social psychological theories of crowd behaviour in emergencies and disasters may therefore provide important insights into factors which play a part in the successful management of incidents involving mass decontamination. The present study applies social psychological theories of crowd behaviour, in particular the social identity approach, to public experiences of mass decontamination during a multi-agency field exercise. The aim was to generate an understanding of how social psychological factors can affect public experiences, and hence behaviour, during ...

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“…The Swedish National Police Board later hosted a research project in which the new police tactics were evaluated (Adang, 2013;Swedish National Police Board, 2010). The project recommendations were based on the "social identity model" in social psychology: to maintain a differentiated approach to the participants in a demonstration, to assure working communication with demonstrators, and to focus on facilitating the protestors' "legitimate" objectives (Reicher et al, 2007). …”

Section: Swedenmentioning

confidence: 99%