“…This economic interpretation is an indication that the catch-up theory can be conceived beyond income-convergence (see Asongu, 2014b). Such theoretical contribution is supported both by the literature on the neoclassical growth models (Swan, 1956;Solow, 1956;Baumol, 1986;Barro, 1991;Barro & Sala-i-Martin, 1992Mankiw et al, 1992;Fung, 2009) and other areas of economic development, notably: inclusive human development (Mayer-Foulkes, 2010); financial markets (Bruno et al, 2012;Narayan et al, 2011); knowledge economy (Asongu, 2017b) and negative government signals in the prediction of chaotic events like the 2011 Arab Spring (Asongu & Nwachukwu, 2016a).…”