Knowledge Engineering for Word-Formation: Generating and Evaluating Candidate Neologisms

Nissan, Ephraim

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45327-4_11

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…16 This is a quotation which I (Nissan 2001) brought to Irmay's attention, having read it in one of the offprints I had received from Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, an authority on Mesozoic mammals, and at the time the editor of Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 17 So named after the genus Haramiya, which Simpson (1947) yonkáy znav-habboné, 'the mammaliform with a beaver's tail', conventionally, because that is the literal sense of the scientific name of that genus). After the docodontans branched out from it, the main line of evolution of the mammaliaforms exited the perimeter of the basal mammaliaforms.…”

Section: Morphological Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These terms, illogical as they are (the first implying contradictio in adiecto, the second tautology) were often interpreted as informal units [ Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska (2013) speaks of basal mammaliaforms (some would say basal mammaliforms) including for example the Haramiyidans (thus, she is using an English common name, corresponding to the scientific name Haramiyida), 17 and by adding the English suffix -an to family names or higher-rank taxa, she forms (as do other palaeontologists writing in English) various other common names for groups. Whereas the Hebrew name for Mammals is ‫ִים‬ ‫ְק‬ ‫יוֹנ‬ yonkím, I coined for 'mammaliforms' the term ‫ִים‬ ‫ָא‬ ‫ְק‬ ‫יוֹנ‬ yonka'ím (the singular for the noun being ‫ַאי‬ ‫ְק‬ ‫יוֹנ‬ yonkáy, and the adjective being ‫ִי‬ ‫ָא‬ ‫ְק‬ ‫יוֹנ‬ yonka'í in the singular and ‫ִים‬ ‫ִיּ‬ ‫ָא‬ ‫ְק‬ ‫יוֹנ‬ yonka'iyyím in the plural), whereas for 'basal mammaliforms', I coined the compound ‫ִיס‬ ‫ָס‬ ‫ֵי-בּ‬ ‫ָא‬ ‫ְק‬ ‫יוֹנ‬ yonka'éi-basís, by semantic calque (the adjective being ‫ִי‬ ‫ִיס‬ ‫ְס‬ ‫ִי-בּ‬ ‫ָא‬ ‫ְק‬ ‫יוֹנ‬ yonka'í-bsisí, 'basal mammaliform', its plural being ‫ִים‬ ‫ִיּ‬ ‫ִיס‬ ‫ְס‬ ‫ִים-בּ‬ ‫ִיּ‬ ‫ָא‬ ‫ְק‬ ‫יוֹנ‬ yonka'iyyím-bsisiyyím).…”

Section: Morphological Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Common Names for Mesozoic and Cenozoic Mammals: In Zoologists’ Israeli Hebrew, and in English

Nissan

2014

Language, Culture, Computation. Computational Linguistics and Linguistics

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Abstract.From the 1860s to the 1970s and beyond, animal names in Hebrew have been modernised. Globally, members of the public have gained more exposure to variously mediated representations (e.g., on television) of animal taxa of which they would not have experience even at the zoo, and for example in popular culture (e.g., new fables children are read at neighbourhood libraries, e.g. in London) dinosaurs have become what exotic animals and dragons were in folklore in premodern societies. Global exposure to the Web has served well more serious engagement (though as a hobby) of a sector of the public with zoology (both neontology, i.e., extant animals, and palaeontology, i.e., fossils). Also increased sophistication among academic zoologists involves somewhat more acutely felt needs (also, up to point, among secondary teachers) to be able to make use of common names sometimes even when referring to superordinate fossil taxa, especially zoological orders, thus extending the modern vernacular lexicon beyond neontology also to palaeontology. One actually comes across English adaptations of scientific names of family or order names, as well as such compounds as beardogs, or "dog bear", or "giraffe rhinos", or then terms that sound more technical (e.g., amphicyonine and daphoenine beardogs). Tactics of neologisation are discussed, with a focus on zoologists' Israeli Hebrew as being the target language. Among the other things, producing smooth and relatively more transparent terminology serves the need of writing in one's own language referential scholarly prose for dealing with a status quaestionis in flux.Keywords: Lexicon, Terminology, Neologisms, Zoonyms (animal names), mammals, palaeontology, fossils, Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Hebrew, English, phono-semantic matching, phono-morphological matching. IntroductionIn this volume, this article is one in a pair of contributions (cf. Nissan and Zuckermann 2013) concerned with animal names (zoonyms) for referential use, inCommon Names for Mesozoic and Cenozoic Mammals 563 particular by zoologists. Elsewhere in this volume I also exemplify and discuss literary zoonyms, i.e., animal names in literary texts (Nissan 2013a). Perusing these papers will hopefully make it clear that there is a rather stark contrast between the criteria by which common names for animal taxa are introduced for use by zoologists (or biology teachers), and criteria fitting in the poetic conventions of some given genre of the belles letters. The structure of this article is as shown in Table 1. In particular, the present study is concerned with common names (Hebrew neologisms, or English terms) for denoting fossil animal taxa, in particular mammals. Mammals appeared during the Mesozoic, or Secondary era; they were tiny commensals in the same environments as the dinosaurs. The great expansion of the mammals took place during the Cenozoic, or Tertiary era. The Tertiary groups of mammals were so significantly different from those of the Quaternary era which saw the rise of humankind, that it is unquestionably u...

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Section: Morphological Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Names for Mesozoic and Cenozoic Mammals: In Zoologists’ Israeli Hebrew, and in English

Nissan

2014

Language, Culture, Computation. Computational Linguistics and Linguistics

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“…Current practice however is to use fixed non-burnable poisons in this service" [110] 18. Within an output of over 500 scholarly publications, my research in artificial intelligence has also involved application to legal evidence[146], and AI at the intersection with linguistics (e.g.,[147,148]). My paper[149] is an overview of my trajectories of research.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Overview of AI Methods for in-Core Fuel Management: Tools for the Automatic Design of Nuclear Reactor Core Configurations for Fuel Reload, (Re)arranging New and Partly Spent Fuel

Nissan

2019

Designs

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An important aspect of managing a nuclear reactor is how to design refuellings, and from the 1980s to the present different artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been applied to this problem. A section of the reactor core resembles a symmetrical grid; long fuel assemblies are inserted there, some of them new, some of them partly spent. Rods of “burnable poisons” dangle above, ready to be inserted into the core, in order to stop the reactor. Traditionally, manual design was made by shuffling positions in the grid heuristically, but AI enabled to automatically generate families of candidate configurations, under safety constraints, as well as in order to optimize combustion, with longer cycles of operation between shutdown periods, thus delaying the end-of-cycle point (except in France, where shutdown is on an annual basis, and Canada, where individual fuel assemblies are replaced, with no need for shutdown for rearranging the entire batch). Rule-based expert systems, the first being FUELCON,1 were succeeded by projects combining neural and rule-based processing (a symbolic-to-neural compilation of rules we did not implement), and later on, genetic algorithms in FUELGEN.2 In the literature, one also comes across the application of fuzzy techniques, tabu search, cellular automata and simulated annealing, as well as particle swarms. Safety regulations require simulating the results using a parameter prediction tool; this is done using either nodal algorithms, or neural processing.

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Etymothesis, Fallacy, and Ontologies: An Illustration from Phytonymy

Nissan

2014

Language, Culture, Computation. Computational Linguistics and Linguistics

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Knowledge Engineering for Word-Formation: Generating and Evaluating Candidate Neologisms

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Common Names for Mesozoic and Cenozoic Mammals: In Zoologists’ Israeli Hebrew, and in English

Common Names for Mesozoic and Cenozoic Mammals: In Zoologists’ Israeli Hebrew, and in English

An Overview of AI Methods for in-Core Fuel Management: Tools for the Automatic Design of Nuclear Reactor Core Configurations for Fuel Reload, (Re)arranging New and Partly Spent Fuel

Etymothesis, Fallacy, and Ontologies: An Illustration from Phytonymy

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