Knowledge gaps and future directions in cognitive functions in children and adolescents with primary arterial hypertension: A systematic review

Lucas, Ignacio; Puteikis, Kristijonas; Sinha, Manish D.; Litwin, Mieczysław; Merkevicius, Kajus; Ažukaitis, Karolis; Rus, Rina; Pac, Michał; Obrycki, Łukasz; Bårdsen, Tonje; Śladowska-Kozłowska, Joanna; Sağsak, Elif; Lurbe, Empar; Jiménez‐Murcia, Susana; Jankauskienė, Augustina; Fernández‐Aranda, Fernando

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.973793

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In line with our findings, several previous studies reported a negative association between (diastolic) blood pressure and cognitive function in children and adolescents 20, 21, 43, 44 . The biological substrate underlying these associations, however, is less studied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Associations of arterial thickness, stiffness and blood pressure with brain morphology in early adolescence: A prospective population-based study

Defina,

Silva,

Cecil

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Arterial wall thickness and stiffness and high blood pressure have been repeatedly associated with poorer brain health. However, previous studies largely focused on mid- or late-life stages. It is unknown whether any arterial health-related brain changes may be observable already in adolescence. Methods: We examined whether (i) carotid intima-media thickness, (ii) carotid distensibility and (iii) systolic and diastolic blood pressure, measured at age 10, were associated with brain volumes and/or white matter microstructure (i.e., fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) at age 14. In addition to cross-sectional analyses, we explored associations with longitudinal change in each brain outcome from 10 to 14 years. Analyses were based on 5341 children from the Generation R Study. Results: Higher diastolic blood pressure was associated with lower total brain (β [95%CI] = -0.04 [-0.07;-0.01]) and grey matter volumes (β [95%CI] = -0.04 [-0.07;-0.01]) at age 14 years, with stronger associations in higher diastolic blood pressure ranges. Similar associations emerged between systolic blood pressure and brain volumes but these were no longer significant after adjusting for birthweight. No associations were observed between blood pressure and white matter microstructure, nor between carotid intima-media thickness or distensibility and brain morphology. Conclusions: Arterial blood pressure, but not intima-media thickness and distensibility, is associated with structural neuroimaging markers in early adolescence. Volumetric measures may be more sensitive to these early arterial health differences compared to microstructural properties of the white matter, but further studies are needed to confirm these results and assess potential causal mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Associations of arterial thickness, stiffness and blood pressure with brain morphology in early adolescence: A prospective population-based study

Defina,

Silva,

Cecil

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In line with our findings, several previous studies reported a negative association between (diastolic) blood pressure and cognitive function in children and adolescents. 17,18,40,41 The biological substrate underlying these associations, however, is less studied. Interestingly, a few Arterial Health and Adolescent Brain Morphology Defina et al transcranial Doppler ultrasound studies demonstrated blunted cerebrovascular reactivity in hypertensive children 17,42 ; however, these were conducted in small samples and suffer from wide interobserver measurement variability.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it was proposed that high blood pressure could cause damage to the neurovasculature and result in reduced cerebral blood perfusion, leading to suboptimal oxygen and nutritional supplies, and potentially altering ongoing neurodevelopmental processes. 41 Additionally, alterations in immune and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning resulting from chronically high blood pressure could trigger neuroinflammation, further impairing brain development. 44…”

Section: Biological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Arterial Thickness, Stiffness, and Blood Pressure With Brain Morphology in Early Adolescence: A Prospective Population-Based Study

Defina,

Silva,

Cecil

et al. 2024

Hypertension

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BACKGROUND: Arterial wall thickness and stiffness, and high blood pressure have been repeatedly associated with poorer brain health. However, previous studies largely focused on mid- or late-life stages. It is unknown whether any arterial health–related brain changes may be observable already in adolescence. METHODS: We examined whether (1) carotid intima-media thickness, (2) carotid distensibility, and (3) systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, measured at the age of 10 years, were associated with brain volumes and white matter microstructure (ie, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) at the age of 14 years. In addition to cross-sectional analyses, we explored associations with longitudinal change in each brain outcome from 10 to 14 years. Analyses were based on 5341 children from the Generation R Study. RESULTS: Higher diastolic blood pressure was associated with lower total brain volume (β, −0.04 [95% CI, −0.07 to −0.01]) and gray matter volume (β, −0.04 [95% CI, −0.07 to −0.01]) at the age of 14 years, with stronger associations in higher diastolic blood pressure ranges. Similar associations emerged between systolic blood pressure and brain volumes, but these were no longer significant after adjusting for birth weight. No associations were observed between blood pressure and white matter microstructure or between carotid intima-media thickness or distensibility and brain morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial blood pressure, but not intima-media thickness and distensibility, is associated with structural neuroimaging markers in early adolescence. Volumetric measures may be more sensitive to these early arterial health differences compared with microstructural properties of the white matter, but further studies are needed to confirm these results and assess potential causal mechanisms.

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“…Special issues in Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine and Nutrients have been led by HyperChild-NET with a wide collaboration of its members. [2][3][4][5] HyperChildNET is not only actively collaborating with renowned Societies but is also working together with the industry allowing transfer from science to leading global manufacturers and the food industry.…”

Section: Research Lettermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Special issues in Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine and Nutrients have been led by HyperChildNET with a wide collaboration of its members. 2–5…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HyperChildNET: A European Network Moving Forward in the Field of Pediatric Hypertension

et al. 2023

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Knowledge gaps and future directions in cognitive functions in children and adolescents with primary arterial hypertension: A systematic review

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Associations of arterial thickness, stiffness and blood pressure with brain morphology in early adolescence: A prospective population-based study

Associations of arterial thickness, stiffness and blood pressure with brain morphology in early adolescence: A prospective population-based study

Associations of Arterial Thickness, Stiffness, and Blood Pressure With Brain Morphology in Early Adolescence: A Prospective Population-Based Study

HyperChildNET: A European Network Moving Forward in the Field of Pediatric Hypertension

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