Knowledge of Brucellosis, Health-Seeking Behaviour, and Risk Factors for Brucella Infection amongst Workers on Cattle Farms in Gauteng, South Africa

Govindasamy, Krpasha; Etter, Éric; Harris, Bernice Nerine; Rossouw, Jennifer; Abernethy, D.A.; Thompson, Peter N.

doi:10.3390/pathogens10111484

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…More than half of the respondents (57.87%) were knowledgeable about the disease. Some studies have demonstrated low knowledge levels of the disease as a risk factor that increases the risk of Brucella infection in the community, has a detrimental effect on brucellosis control measure compliance, and may contribute to underreporting of disease incidence in the nation 36,37…”

Section: Knowledge and Attitude Of Participants About Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of HumanBrucellaAntibodies and associated Among Patients Seeking Medical Attention at Community Hospitals in Selected Districts of Western Province in Zambia

Mambote,

Muma,

Mubiana

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction: Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals and can lead to severe illness in humans and financial losses for households that rear livestock. The study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of human Brucella antibodies and associated risk factors among patients seeking medical attention at community hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study was conducted from 21st April 2021 to 21st April 2024 among patients seeking medical attention at community hospitals in selected districts of Western province in Zambia. 225 blood samples were collected from consenting participants. Sera were separated and analysed for anti-Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) in parallel. A questionnaire was administered to obtain epidemiological data related to exposure to the Brucella pathogen. The data obtained were coded and entered in the Micro-Soft Excel 2013® and analysed using STATA version 15®. Results: 197 sera samples were found acceptable for testing and analysis for this study, out of these, the seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies was 18.3% (n=36, 95% CI=0.13-0.24) and 4.57% (n=9, 95% CI=-0.68-0.28) on RBT and c-ELISA respectively.Among the risk factors considered, the number of animals was statistically significantly associated with Brucella seropositivity (OR 6.49, 95% CI=1.10-38.13, p-value = 0.039). Conclusions: Brucella antibodies are prevalent among patients attending health facilities in the Western province of Zambia. The number of animals were significantly associated with the Brucella seropositivity.

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Section: Knowledge and Attitude Of Participants About Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of HumanBrucellaAntibodies and associated Among Patients Seeking Medical Attention at Community Hospitals in Selected Districts of Western Province in Zambia

Mambote,

Muma,

Mubiana

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Bacteria of the genus Brucella are the causative agent of BRC, a severe, chronic debilitating disease in humans as reviewed in [2, 3]. Farmers, veterinarians and abattoir workers can be infected by direct contact with BRC positive animals [4, 5], and through contaminated milk and animal products consumers too [6]. Both Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis infect water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ), one of the most important livestock species, causing abortion and infertility [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…direct contact with BRC positive animals [4,5], and through contaminated milk and animal products consumers too [6]. Both Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis infect water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), one of the most important livestock species, causing abortion and infertility [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

In‐depth immunophenotyping reveals significant alteration of lymphocytes in buffalo with brucellosis

et al. 2023

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Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) has a prominent position in the livestock industry worldwide but still suffers from limited knowledge on the mechanisms regulating the immune against infections, including brucellosis (BRC), one of the most significant neglected zoonotic diseases of livestock. Seventy-three buffalo were recruited for the study. Thirty-five were naturally infected with Brucella spp. The aims of the study were to (i) verify the cross-reactivity of 16 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) developed against human, bovine, and ovine antigens; (ii) evaluate lymphocyte subset alterations in BRC positive buffalo; (iii) evaluate the use of the canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), with flow cytometric data, to discriminate BRC positive from negative animals. A new set of eight mAbs (anti CD3e, CD16, CD18, CD45R0, CD79a; CD172a) were shown to cross-react with water buffalo orthologous molecules. BRC positive animals presented a significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in the percentage of PBMC (29.5 vs. 40.3), total, T and B lymphocytes (23.0 vs. 35.5, 19.2 vs. 28.9, 2.6 vs. 5.7, respectively). In contrast, they showed an increase in percentage of granulocytes (65.2 vs. 55.1; p < 0.0001) and B lymphocytes CD21 neg (22.9 vs. 16.1; p = 0.0067), a higher T/B lymphocyte ratio (10.3 vs. 6.4; p = 0.0011) and CD3 + /CD21 + (14.7 vs. 8.3; p = 0.0005) ratio. The CDA, applied to 33 different flow cytometric traits, allowed the discrimination of all BRC positive from negative buffalo. Although this is a preliminary study, our results show that flow cytometry can be used in a wide range of applications in livestock diseases, including in support of uncertain BRC diagnoses.

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“…Direct slide agglutination assays are sensitive, cost-effective, rapid, and simple in terms of facilitating users with less expertise and require minimum time for multiple-sample testing (Saxena, 2012;Saxena and Kaur, 2013;Purwar et al, 2016). Such types of serological tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis in bovines, caprines, and ovines explore common surface antigens present in different species and strains of Brucella (Ghazy et al, 2016;Govindasamy et al, 2021). The sensitivity of the standard agglutination test was reported to be 95.6 %, with a specificity of 100 % at 1/320 antibody dilution using the standardized set of Brucella antigens (Memish et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid direct-differential agglutination assay for Brucella detection using antibodies conjugated with functionalized gold nanoparticles

Hans

Yadav

Zaman

et al. 2023

Front. Nanotechnol.

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Brucellosis is the most widespread and serious zoonotic disease worldwide which affects livestock, sylvatic wildlife, marine dwellers, and humans. It is acquired through Alphaproteobacteria which belong to the genus Brucella and is categorized as a potential bio-threat agent. In this study, we developed a rapid and direct differential whole cell (WC) agglutination-based assay for its on-field detection. The recombinant outer membrane (rOmp28) protein-derived specific mice IgG polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) of Brucella were purified using affinity chromatography and conjugated with functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for rapid agglutination. A positive blot of 32 kDa protein revealed specific immuno-reactivity of rOmp28-pAbs using immunoblot analysis. For the synthesis of AuNPs, the conventional “Turkevich method” was optimized at a concentration < 1 mM of gold precursor for obtaining 50-nm-sized particles. Also, their physico-chemical characteristics were analyzed using UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ζ, ZP), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, these AuNPs were functionalized with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to prepare modified carboxylated AuNPs. For bioconjugation with Brucella rOmp28 IgG pAbs, antibody-conjugated functionalized AuNP constructs were prepared and characterized using FT-IR analysis with strong N–H deformations. Subsequently, these bioconjugated AuNPs were used to develop a direct-differential slide agglutination assay with a detection limit of 104 CFU mL−1. The sensitivity of this assay was compared with standard double-antibody sandwich ELISA (S-ELISA) using rOmp28 IgG pAbs with an LOD of 103 CFU mL−1 and a detection range of 102–108 CFU mL−1. No intraspecies cross-reactivity was observed based on evaluation of its specificity with a battery of closely related bacterial species. In conclusion, the increased sensitivity and specificity of the developed agglutination assay obtained using bioconjugated functionalized AuNPs is ≥ 98% for the detection of Brucella. Therefore, it can be used as an alternate rapid method of direct WC detection of bacteria as it is simple, robust, and cost-effective, with minimal time of reaction in the case of early disease diagnosis.

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Knowledge of Brucellosis, Health-Seeking Behaviour, and Risk Factors for Brucella Infection amongst Workers on Cattle Farms in Gauteng, South Africa

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Seroprevalence of HumanBrucellaAntibodies and associated Among Patients Seeking Medical Attention at Community Hospitals in Selected Districts of Western Province in Zambia

Seroprevalence of HumanBrucellaAntibodies and associated Among Patients Seeking Medical Attention at Community Hospitals in Selected Districts of Western Province in Zambia

In‐depth immunophenotyping reveals significant alteration of lymphocytes in buffalo with brucellosis

A rapid direct-differential agglutination assay for Brucella detection using antibodies conjugated with functionalized gold nanoparticles

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