Knowledge Transfer in the Cultural and Creative Sector: Institutional Aspects and Perspectives from Actors in Selected Atlantic Regions

Abstract

The 21st century has witnessed a growth in the importance given to the third mission of Higher Education Institutions (HEI). This third mission refers to the socioeconomic engagement with the surrounding social and business fabric, namely in the form of knowledge transfer (KT) schemes and policies. Despite its widely-recognized importance, the Cultural and Creative Sector (CCS) has remained only marginally engaged with HEI, in part due to the lack of explicit policy by public actors to bring the two types of actors together. This article seeks to explore the institutional frameworks that have been developed for knowledge transfer from HEI to the CCS in selected regions of the Atlantic Area. Towards this goal, it first analyses some of the sectoral specificities of the CCS, identifying three feature which distinguish the sector: the entrepreneurial structure and organization of CCS; the type of knowledge, innovation and motivations of firms; and their absence of connections to HEI. The article seeks then to analyze to what extent existing policy on CCS and KT policies in the regions has tackled these specificities, through a qualitative analysis of reports, policy documents, and academic analysis of the regional economies, before proposing a model for understanding KT policy in the CCS sector, which serves as a preliminary line of inquiry into the knowledge relations in the CCS. Finally, these policy concerns are related to the perceptions of CCS practitioners, attempting to understand the primary concerns of these actors according to their regional context. The article highlights the existing disconnect between public policy, the current state of understanding of the CCS and the industry actors, urging for greater research and policy-development to promote innovation and socioeconomic growth.

Knowledge Management Strategies to Improve Learning and Growth in Creative Industries: A Framework Model

“…KM processes explain KM activities as knowledge identification, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, and knowledge application (Lee et al, 2015). Some previous studies have discussed KM processes in creative industries, but more studies focus on knowledge sharing, which includes knowledge transfer and training (Adhiatma et al, 2020;Andraini et al, 2019;Bashouri and Duncan, 2014;Bettiol et al, 2012;Cruz et al, 2019;Gateau and Simon, 2016;Hussein et al, 2016;Latilla et al, 2018;Millar et al, 2016;Radomska et al, 2019;Stejskal and Hajek, 2019;Tassabehji et al, 2019). There are few previous research studies about knowledge storage.…”

Community Partnership Through Knowledge Transfer Program: Assessment From the Perspectives of Academics’ Experience

“…1 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia 2 Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia among universities, industries, or communities (Anatan, 2015;Cruz et al, 2019;European Commission, 2007).…”

“…According to Reagans and McEvily (2003, p. 242), "knowledge transfer represents a cost to the source of knowledge, in terms of time and effort spent helping others to understand the source's knowledge." Nevertheless, the mutual relationship between universities and communities through the exchange of knowledge has become a global trend (Cruz et al, 2019;Hemel & Ouellette, 2017). This comes as no surprise as knowledge transfer represents a critical foundation for any nation's development in the imminent Industry 4.0 era (Samsinar & Firdaus, 2019).…”

“…For instance, Universiti Sains Malaysia, which was granted the Accelerated Program for Excellence (APEX) status in 2009, has shifted its paradigm and now focuses on reaching out to the "bottom billion" (Wan et al, 2015). Nonetheless, unlike knowledge transfer among universities, communities, and industries in the Western context, which has concentrated on formal activities based on intellectual property rights as the primary outcomes (Cruz et al, 2019), such as patents, licenses, and the formation of spin-offs, the introduction of KTP in Malaysia takes a less formal approach in terms of its activities and agreements. Regardless of the setting, the objective of any knowledge transfer project is to ensure that knowledge is transferred successfully to a recipient.…”

Globalization and Sustainability of Regions: The Role of Cultural and Creative Industries in Cutural Policies and their Implications for Regional Development – A Case Study of the Czech Republic

“…[7] Culture, which according to the European Commission lies at the heart of human development and civilisation [8], can help overcome major societal challenges bring resources for local development. While creating jobs at local level -being performed by SMEs predominantly [9], fostering citizens participation in local communities, motivation and cooperation, while tackling questions of social inclusion and immigration on a local decision-making level, this concept goes far beyond regular economic indicators.…”