Known and Unexplored Organic Constituents in the Earth's Atmosphere

Goldstein, Allen H.; Galbally, Ian E.

doi:10.1021/es072476p

Cited by 1,451 publications

(1,233 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Indeed, a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere each day, from both natural sources and anthropogenic activities, which are then involved in aerosol formation after oxidation or direct aggregation. [5] These aerosols play a central role not only in the health effects of air pollution but also on climate evolution. [6,7] Indeed, they have both a direct effect on climate by scattering light, which results in negative radiative forcing (i.e., cooling), and an indirect effect by acting as cloud condensation (CCN) or ice nuclei (IN), thus changing cloud properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics simulations of the water adsorption around malonic acid aerosol models

Darvas

Picaud

Jedlovszky

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.Water nucleation around a malonic acid aggregate has been studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations in the temperature and pressure range relevant for atmospheric conditions. Systems of different water contents have been considered and a large number of simulations has allowed us to determine the phase diagram of the corresponding binary malonic acid-water systems. Two phases have been evidenced in the phase diagrams corresponding either to water adsorption on a large malonic acid grain at low temperatures, or to the formation of a liquid-like mixed aggregate of the two types of molecules, at higher temperatures. Finally, the comparison between the phase diagrams simulated for malonic acid-water and oxalic acid-water mixtures emphasizes the influence of the O:C ratio on the hydrophilic behavior of the aerosol, and thus on its ability to act as a cloud condensation nucleus, in accordance with recent experimental conclusions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics simulations of the water adsorption around malonic acid aerosol models

Darvas

Picaud

Jedlovszky

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…6 BVOCs are also precursors for aerosol formation, 7 accounting for a significant fraction of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced in the atmosphere. 8 The presidential Estate of Castelporziano covers an area of about 6000 ha located 25 km SW from the center of Rome, Italy ( Figure 1) and hosts representative forest ecosystems typical of Mediterranean areas: holm oak forests, pine forests, dune vegetation, mixed oak and pine forests.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of Diurnal to Weekly Variations of Monoterpene-Dominated Fluxes of Volatile Organic Compounds from Mediterranean Forests: Implications for Regional Modeling

Fares

Schnitzhofer

Jiang

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The Estate of Castelporziano (Rome, Italy) hosts many ecosystems representative of Mediterranean vegetation, especially holm oak and pine forests and dune vegetation. In this work, basal emission factors (BEFs) of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) obtained by Eddy Covariance in a field campaign using a proton transfer reaction−time-of-flight−mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) were compared to BEFs reported in previous studies that could not measure fluxes in real-time. Globally, broadleaf forests are dominated by isoprene emissions, but these Mediterranean ecosystems are dominated by strong monoterpene emitters, as shown by the new BEFs. The original and new BEFs were used to parametrize the model of emissions of gases and aerosols from nature (MEGAN v2.1), and model outputs were compared with measured fluxes. Results showed good agreement between modeled and measured fluxes when a model was used to predict radiative transfer and energy balance across the canopy. We then evaluated whether changes in BVOC emissions can affect the chemistry of the atmosphere and climate at a regional level. MEGAN was run together with the land surface model (community land model, CLM v4.0) of the community earth system model (CESM v1.0). Results highlighted that tropospheric ozone concentration and air temperature predicted from the model are sensitive to the magnitude of BVOC emissions, thus demonstrating the importance of adopting the proper BEF values for model parametrization.

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“…It is therefore likely that ecosystems not emitting certain compounds may nevertheless act as sinks for these species. Possibly, the relatively larger uncertainty in biospheric sinks as opposed to sources of VOCs may be responsible for acknowledged shortcomings in atmospheric VOC budgets [Goldstein and Galbally, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition fluxes of terpenes over grassland

et al. 2011

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[1] Eddy covariance flux measurements were carried out for two subsequent vegetation periods above a temperate mountain grassland in an alpine valley using a proton-transfer-reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) and a PTR time-of-flight-mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF). In 2008 and during the first half of the vegetation period 2009 the volume mixing ratios (VMRs) for the sum of monoterpenes (MTs) were typically well below 1 ppbv and neither MT emission nor deposition was observed. After a hailstorm in July 2009 an order of magnitude higher amount of terpenes was transported to the site from nearby coniferous forests causing elevated VMRs. As a consequence, deposition fluxes of terpenes to the grassland, which continued over a time period of several weeks without significant reemission, were observed. For days without precipitation the deposition occurred at velocities close to the aerodynamic limit. In addition to monoterpene uptake, deposition fluxes of the sum of sesquiterpenes (SQTs) and the sum of oxygenated terpenes (OTs) were detected. Considering an entire growing season for the grassland (i.e., 1 April to 1 November 2009), the cumulative carbon deposition of monoterpenes reached 276 mg C m −2 . This is comparable to the net carbon emission of methanol (329 mg C m −2 ), which is the dominant nonmethane volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted from this site, during the same time period. It is suggested that deposition of monoterpenes to terrestrial ecosystems could play a more significant role in the reactive carbon budget than previously assumed.

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Known and Unexplored Organic Constituents in the Earth's Atmosphere

Cited by 1,451 publications

References 37 publications

Molecular dynamics simulations of the water adsorption around malonic acid aerosol models

Molecular dynamics simulations of the water adsorption around malonic acid aerosol models

Observations of Diurnal to Weekly Variations of Monoterpene-Dominated Fluxes of Volatile Organic Compounds from Mediterranean Forests: Implications for Regional Modeling

Deposition fluxes of terpenes over grassland

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