KOH catalyzed oxidation of kraft lignin to produce green fertilizer

Sutradhar, Shrikanta; Alam, Nur; Christopher, Lew P.; Fatehi, Pedram

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2022.08.007

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The results showed that the relative percentages of C–C bonds increased in OKLC4 by around 11% when compared with OKLC3. Our recent study also observed the condensed phenolic structures during the alkaline oxidation in P NMR . It can also be observed that even though the M w decreased initially, the M n seemed to be increased with increasing temperatures in all OKLs when compared to KL ( M n of 1200 g/mol).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…This may be attributed to the repolymerization of oxidized lignin units occurring on the condensed phenolic structure at a higher temperature, as stated earlier . These undesirable side reactions transform lignin into a biphenyl condensed format that is stable and difficult to cleave even at higher temperatures. , To prove the repolymerization products, XPS for OKLC samples (Table S2 and Figure S2 in the Supporting Information) were conducted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…41 An earlier study reported that, under alkaline oxidative conditions, the phenylpropane units would undergo Cβ-O and Cβ-Cβ (resinol unit) cleavage to transform into low molecular weight phenolic units, and further oxidation may lead to carboxylic end groups. 34,36 The intensity of the methoxyl groups was also reduced significantly after the oxidation (Figure 3d). One earlier study on organosolv lignin (50 mg) oxidation under microwave irradiation (80 W) in the presence of 2.5 mL of water, 2.5 mL of acetonitrile, and 5 mg of copper sulfate in hydrogen peroxide (0.15 g) reported a similar observation.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the wide spectrum, the peak at 378 eV is attributed to the K 2s, which might be ionically attached to the COO – . The larger sharp peak at 285 and 532 eV is attributed to the C 1s and O 1s, respectively. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…28 These undesirable side reactions transform lignin into a biphenyl condensed format that is stable and difficult to cleave even at higher temperatures. 32,34 To prove the repolymerization products, XPS for OKLC samples (Table S2 and Figure S2 in the Supporting Information) were conducted.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Green Cement Plasticizer from Softwood Kraft Lignin

Sutradhar

Gao

Fatehi

2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A green cement plasticizer was produced in a one-step aerobic oxidation of kraft lignin (KL) in the presence of KOH. In this study, optimizing the reaction conditions led to the maximum carboxylic acid group and charge density of 2.6 mmol/g and 1.9 mequiv/g for oxidized lignin, respectively. The NMR, FTIR, and XPS analyses quantified the alterations in the structure of KL after the oxidation reaction. The molecular weight analysis revealed that lignin depolymerization would depend on the temperature, lignin amount, and KOH concentrations. The oxidized lignin with a higher carboxylic acid group adsorbed on the cement particles more readily than a commercial plasticizer, which increased the flowability of the pastes. The compressive strength of cement was improved much more by using oxidized lignin instead of a commercial plasticizer and lignosulfonate. The current study suggested that the one-pot KOH-mediated oxidation of kraft lignin is a promising approach to producing a green plasticizer for cement application.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Green Cement Plasticizer from Softwood Kraft Lignin

Sutradhar

Gao

Fatehi

2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Slow‐release fertilizers using lignin: Challenges and future prospects

Kumar

Næss

Sørensen

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Lignin is an integral part of the plant cell wall and is the largest single source of aromatic carbon in the world, which makes it suitable for the production of feed, chemicals, fuels, and biomaterials. Total lignin production is greater than 50 million tons per annum; however, currently, less than 5% of the lignin is being valorized, and 95% is burnt to create steam and power. Burning aromatic carbons produces heat and power, making them low‐value materials. However, the macromolecules of lignin can be modified to use for several industrial applications, such as surfactants, paints, hydrogel, absorbents, and fertilizer. In this review, we provide a systematic and comprehensive summary of the last 10 years of the development of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) from lignin, which is a renewable material. Lignin‐based CRFs are green, environment friendly, and are considered efficient for agricultural use in place of urea and diammonium phosphate. Coating the fertilizer with lignin could increase fertilizer's 20–30 times slower release vis‐à‐vis uncoated fertilizer. However, the structure of lignin varies from one process to another process; it is therefore highly dependent upon the fractionation process and pulping methodologies adopted. A high degree of heterogeneity, complex structure, and low reactivity of the lignin results in an uneven coating, large surface porosity, and cracks in the coatings. The similarity of the lignin can be improved by chemical modifications in its molecule; however, any chemical processing increases the cost of slow‐release fertilizer.

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Separation and Purification of Vanillin and Syringaldehyde from an Oxidized Kraft Liquor – A Mini Review

Tarigan,

Ebrahimi

2024

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Lignin is one of the most abundant bio‐aromatic molecular resources, but it is currently underutilized for energy production in the pulp and paper industry. Unlocking the full potential of lignin could have a significant impact on reducing environmental pollution, increasing the use of renewable resources, and achieving environmentally beneficial economic growth. However, effective lignin valorization requires viable and integrated reaction and separation processes to produce high value monomeric phenolics, such as vanillin and syringaldehyde. The aim of this short review is to summarize the studies on different separation methods of lignin derivatives obtained from black liquor, including extraction, membrane filtration, chromatographic separation, and the combination technologies.

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KOH catalyzed oxidation of kraft lignin to produce green fertilizer

Cited by 29 publications

References 70 publications

A Green Cement Plasticizer from Softwood Kraft Lignin

A Green Cement Plasticizer from Softwood Kraft Lignin

Slow‐release fertilizers using lignin: Challenges and future prospects

Separation and Purification of Vanillin and Syringaldehyde from an Oxidized Kraft Liquor – A Mini Review

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