Kommunalpolitik

All-side SiNx passivated mc-Si solar cells evaluated with respect to parasitic shunting

“…Although, the lifetime of double side SiNx passivated mono crystalline wafers resulted in surface recombination values of around 10 cm/s [2], on cell level much higher SRV values (>500 cm/s) were fitted with PC1D. A reason why the cell performance lags behind can be explained by parasitic shunting [11,13,14]. This term is often evoked in literature in correlation with floating junctions that partially contact metal leads.…”

“…Through electric conduction, electrons in the n-type inversion layer can reach contacts over a much larger length scale than the diffusion length in the p-type region normally would allow. Once the inversion layer is (partially) connected with the rear base metal contacts, large parasitic currents (up to 3.5 mA/cm 2 [11]) reduce the short-circuit current of the solar cell. This current path is regarded as a shunt between the inversion layer and rear metal contacts and is referred to as parasitic shunt.…”

“…From the physics described, four main identifiers for parasitic shunting can be summarized [11]: 1) A strong decrease in Jsc. 2) Bias dependent response of the red part of the IQE spectrum.…”

“…Usually both field effect and chemical passivation occur simultaneously. In the photovoltaic research field, various layers have been investigated like single layers or stacks of SiO2 [9], SiNx [2,10,11], and more recently Al2O3 [12]. Thermally grown SiO2 is known for its superior chemical passivation, SiNx and Al2O3 posses high densities of positive and negative fixed charges respectively and passivate mainly due to the field-effect [11,12].…”

The ‘Terrible Wednesday’ of Pentecost: Confronting Urban and Princely Discourses in the Bruges Rebellion of 1436–1438

“…The ducal troops inside the city tried to call for help by sounding their trumpets, but the rest of the army could not get into the town. 59 It was also near the gate that Jean de Villiers, lord of L'Isle-Adam, was killed by some Bruggelingen. He was, according to the Burgundian chronicles, one of the bravest and wealthiest knights in Burgundian service, who had twice helped the duke and his father, John the Fearless, capture Paris.…”