“…Graphical modeling represents a cross-cutting topic in various computing-related degree programs. It refers to the development and use of graph-based diagrams representing an existing or planned segment of reality (e.g., in the context of a database or software design, or business process modeling) using "graphical" modeling languages, such as UML, Petri net, BPMN (Striewe et al, 2020). To define the construct of graphical modeling competency, a competency model for graphical modeling (CMGM) was developed based on learning theory, didactic assumptions, and module descriptions, and the content aspect of validity was examined and largely confirmed using an expert rating (Soyka et al, 2022).…”