Komponen Kimia dan Anatomi Tiga Jenis Bambu dari Seram, Maluku

Abstract

As a versatile plant, the basic properties of bamboo are various, depending on species, site, and position inside the stem. This study was conducted at three sites (Buria, Morekao, Tala), on three species (Dendrocalamus asper, Schizos- tachyium brachycladum, Schyzotachium lima), and three positions of the stem (base, middle, top). Objective of the study was to measure chemical component and anatomical feature of the three species of bamboos of West Ceram’s Sub-district (Taniwel, Piru, Kairatu) and three parts of stem (base, middle, top). Factorial experiment in split plot design was applied in the study with 3 replications. Result of the study indicated that there was a significant effect of location on the lignin content, diameter of the fiber and fiber cells lumen, and proportion of parenchyma cells; species of bamboo to the length and diameter of fiber cells; and portion of stem to the extractive soluble in hot water, soluble in alcohol benzene, length and diameter of fiber cells, and diameter of fiber lumens. Extractive soluble in cold water was 3.10-3.79 %; hot water was 5.43-6.23 %; alcohol benzene was 3.37-4.10 %; alpha cellulose was 44.22-46,94 %; holocellulose was 71.97-75.57 %; lignin was 26.00-27.37 %; length of fiber cell was 3.40-3,96 mm; diameter of fiber cell was 4.34-4.91 micron; diameter of fiber cell lumens was 2.74-3.23 micron; cell wall thickness of fiber cell was0.76-0.91 micron; proportion of parenchyma cells was 51.95-56.85 %; proportion of fiber cells was 27.81-62.66 %;and proportion of pores was 12.39-14.60 %.ABSTRAKSebagai tanaman serbaguna, sifat dasar bambu bervariasi menurut jenis, tempat tumbuh dan posisi didalam batang. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 lokasi (Buria, Morekao, Tala), terhadap 3 jenis bambu (Dendrocalamus asper, Schizos- tachyium brachycladum, Schyzotachium lima), dan 3 posisi dalam batang (pangkal, tengah dan ujung). Tujuan pene- litian adalah untuk mengukur komponen kimia dan anatomi 3 jenis bambu (Dendrocalamus asper, Schizostachyium brachycladum, Schyzotachium lima) asal 3 kecamatan Seram bagian barat (Taniwel, Piru, Kairatu), dan 3 bagian batang (pangkal, tengah dan ujung). Percobaan faktorial dalam rancangan petak terpisah digunakan dalam penelitian dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan lokasi terhadap kadar lignin, diameter sel serat dan rongga sel serat dan proporsi sel parensim; jenis bambu terhadap panjang dan diameter sel serat; posisi dalam batang terhadap kadar ekstraktif larut air dingin, ekstraktif larut alkohol benzen, panjang dan diameter sel serat, dan diameter sel serat. Ekstraktif larut air dingin berkisar 3,10-3,79 %; larut air panas 5,43-6,23 %; larut alkohol benzen3,37-4,10 %; alfa selulosa 44,22-46,94 %; holoselulosa 71,97-75,57 %; lignin 26,00-27,37 %; panjang sel serat 3,40-3,96 mm; diameter sel serat 4,34-4,91 mikron; diameter rongga sel serat 2,74-3,23 mikron; tebal dinding sel serat0,76-0,91 mikron proporsi sel parensim 51,95-56,85 %; proporsi sel sel serat 27,81-62,66 %; dan proporsi sel pori12,39-14,60 %.

Chemical, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of Belangke Bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens) and Its Application as a Reinforcing Material in Particleboard Manufacturing

“…The average value of alpha-cellulose in all parts of the culm was 41.48%, which falls within the normal range of alpha-cellulose (40–55%) as reported by Li [ 37 ]. This indicated that it was equivalent to Schizostachyium brachycladum but relatively lower compared to Dendrocalamus asper and Schizostachyium lima , as reported by Loiwatu and Manuhuwa [ 40 ]. However, it was still far below Bambusa vulgaris , as reported by Nahar and Hasan [ 45 ].…”

“…Furthermore, Sharma et al [ 39 ] reported that P. pubescens bamboo had a lignin content of around 22%. Loiwatu and Manuhuwa [ 40 ] reported that the lignin content of three types of bamboo, namely Dendrocalamus asper , Schizostachyium brachycladum , and Schizostachyium lima , was each 27, 37, 26, 18, and 26.05%. The lignin content of the species Bambusa vulgaris Schard var.…”

“…The difference in each part of the culm was also reported by Li [ 37 ], who determined that the culm’s position affects the amount of holocellulose content. Gigantochloa pruriens bamboo has holocellulose content equivalent to Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea [ 44 ], which is slightly lower compared to Dendrocalamus asper , Schizostachyium brachycladum , Schizostachyium lima [ 40 ], and Bambusa vulgaris Var vulgaris [ 44 ].…”

“…Furthermore, they play a chemical role through the hydrophobic nature of the compounds contained in extractive substances. It is generally nontoxic, therefore enabling the preservation of all bamboo species before use because of their susceptibility to be attacked by powdery mildew, fungi, and termites compared to wood [ 40 ]. The higher alcohol–toluene extractive content in bamboo may be useful as an anti-rot agent and provides good strength due to its higher specific gravity.…”

Bamboo Diversity in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia

“…In addition, it has been used as fish traps known as rumpon (Simbolon et al, 2011), chairs, traditional toys, housing, household utensils, yanger bitada (a traditional musical instrument), and ceremonially during the baramasuen dance (Baguna et al, 2015). Bamboo uses in daily life has encouraged various studies related to bamboos in the Maluku Islands, such as studies of chemical and anatomical components (Loiwatu & Manuhuwa, 2008), mechanical properties (Loiwatu, 2013), commercial improvement (Baguna et al, 2015), ethnoecological (Sinyo et al, 2017), fertilizer usage from bamboo shoots (Samad et al, 2020), and cultural studies of baramasuen (Soamole et al, 2018).…”