Konkurrenz und Ertragsvorteile in Gemengen aus Erbsen (Pisum sativum L.) und Hafer (Avena sativa L.)

Abstract

Competition and yield advantage in mixtures of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) In field trials on a fertile fluvisol in 1995 and 1996 near Göttingen, Germany, pea (Pisum sativum; cv. Messire/conventional leafed, cv. Profi/semileafless) and oats (Avena sativa; cv. Alf) were grown as sole crops and in substitutive mixtures. The sole crops were established at 80 pea seeds m−2 and 300 oat seeds m−2. The mixtures consisted of 67 % (pea) and 33 % (oats) of the monoculture densities, respectively. Interactions of cv. Messire or cv. Profi and oats were similar in 1995 and 1996. The mixtures outyielded the monocultures with respect to total above ground dry matter (RYT = 1.15) and grain yield (RYT = 1.09). Grain yield of pea and oats averaged 4.9 t ha−1 in monocultures and 5.5 t ha−1 in mixtures. Oats was relatively the stronger of the two competitors. Decreasing number of pods per plant could be highlighted as the factor for a lower pea seed frequency in the yield of the mixtures. For oats the number of panicles per plant and kernels per panicle were higher in the mixtures compared with the oat monocultures. The average amount of the harvest index (HI) was 0.52 for pea and 0.46 for oats. Favourable growth conditions increased HI values however, prolific vegetative growth in the mixtures resulted in lower HI values. The predicted RYT‐values estimate the maximum combined grain yield of 6.3 t ha−1 in the mixture of 87 % pea (70 seeds m−2) and 13 % oats (39 kernels m−2).

Forage yield and quality potential of winter cereal-vetch mixtures<br>under rainfed conditions

“…Beyond this stage, the grower has to scarify either for the protein or for fodder yield. The findings of this study are similar to the findings of Al-Masri (1998) and Rauber et al (2000). Assefa and Ledin (2001) also reported that DM forage yield of pure vetch; pure oat and mixture were 4.3, 7.6 and 7.3 t ha -1 respectively.…”

The Performance of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and its Role in Determining Yield Advantages in Mixed Stands of Pea and Oat (Avena sativa L.)

“…Grains were weighed and samples taken to determine the dry matter content after they had been dried at 105°C for 48 h. For further agronomic and experimental details see Kimpel‐Freund et al. (1998), Kimpel‐Freund (1999) and Rauber et al. (2000).…”

“…Plants were harvested by hand (2´1 m 2 per plot) when pea and oat were at the dry seed stage. Grains were weighed and samples taken to determine the dry matter content after they had been dried at 105°C for 48 h. For further agronomic and experimental details see Kimpel-Freund et al (1998), Kimpel-Freund (1999) and Rauber et al (2000). Data on symbiotic nitrogen ®xation of Messire, Pro®, Bohatyr and Juno in pure stands and mixtures were taken from Schmidtke (1997) who used the d 15 N technique (Shearer and Kohl 1986).…”

“…Using the substitutive experimental design (replacement series after De Wit 1960), RYT values in the range of 1.07–1.12 were found for mixtures of pea and oat. These values refer to the grain yield of the components (Rauber et al. 2000).…”

Einfluss von Aussaatstärke, Bodenbearbeitung und Anbaumuster auf den Ertrag von Erbsen-Hafer-Gemengen

“…Most of the studies with pea and a cereal species in mixture have been undertaken using the replacement series design where the total relative seed frequency of the mixture is equal to the relative seed frequency of the sole crops (Tofinga and Snaydon, 1992;Jensen 1996aJensen , 1996bRauber et al 2000Rauber et al , 2001. On the other hand, an increasing number of authors have found that advantages can be gained by growing mixtures of legumes and nonlegumes when grown in total densities higher than those of the sole crops in comparison to replacement series mixtures.…”