Konsep Perkembangan Kognitif Perspektif Al-Ghazali Dan Jean Piaget

Abstract

The equation of cognitive development (reason) according to Al-Ghazali and Jean Piaget is found at the stages of development which are divided into four stages. In addition, the views of the two figures also have a relationship or meeting point found in the aspects of the ability of each stage that is passed in each process of cognitive development (reason). Differences in cognitive development (reason) according to Al-Ghazali and Jean Piaget are found in the methodology as the basis of both thoughts. the research method used is a philosophical comparative method, so the systematic discussion follows the following patterns or stages: 1) describes the concept of each character, 2) displays each concept, then compares it, 3) looks for and finds distinctive characteristics, including the similarities and differences of each of the two thoughts, and 4) conducting a critical evaluation of these two thoughts. Al-Ghazali based his thinking on ratios derived from revelation while Jean Piaget laid his rationale on pure ratios. In addition, there are also differences in the views of both of them in the use of the term, Al-Ghazali uses the term sense while Jean Piaget uses the term cognitive.Abstrak: Persamaan perkembangan kognitif (akal) menurut Al-Ghazali dan Jean Piaget yakni terdapat pada tahapan perkembangan yang terbagi kedalam empat tahapan. Selain itu, pandangan kedua tokoh juga mempunyai hubungan atau titik temu yang terdapat pada aspek kemampuan dari tiap tahapan yang dilewati dalam tiap proses perkembangan kognitif (akal). Perbedaan perkembangan kognitif (akal) menurut Al-Ghazali dan Jean Piaget terdapat pada metodologi sebagai basis pemikiran keduanya. metode penelitianyang digunakan adalah metode komparatif filosofis, maka sistematika pembahasannya mengikuti pola atau tahapan-tahapan sebagai berikut: 1) mendeskripsikan konsep dari masing-masing tokoh, 2) melakukan display dari masing-masing konsep, kemudian membandingkannya, 3) mencari dan menemukan ciri khas, termasuk persamaan dan perbedaan dari masingmasing pemikiran keduanya, dan 4) melakukan evaluasi kritis terhadap kedua pemikiran tersebut. Al-Ghazali mendasari pemikirannya pada rasio yang bersumber dari wahyu sedangkan Jean Piaget meletakkan dasar pemikirannya pada rasio murni. Selain itu juga perbedaan pandangan keduanya terdapat pada penggunaan istilah, Al-Ghazali menggunakan istilah akal sedangakan Jean Piaget menggunakan istilah kognitif.

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