Konsep Rencana Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni)

Abstract

This paper (in Indonesian) was presented at the Simposium Nasional Pengelolaan Perikanan Ikan Karang Berkelanjutan Indonesia, Bali 25-26 Novermber 2015, a national conference on sustainaable reef fisheries. The paper is published in the Proceedings (pp. 317-334), the full version (> 100 MB) is available at http://bit.ly/ProsidingSimnasIkanKarang. The paper discusses the potential and suggests options for sustainable management of the Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni). This small shallow-water fish, popular in the marine aquarium trade, has an extremely restrictied native (endemic) distribution and is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List. The Banggai cardinalfish is a national priority species for marine and fisheries conservation, a CTI fisheries management target (sustainable ornamental fishery), and (now twice, at the time once) proposed for listing under CITES Appendix II. The paper includes key results from an EAFM (Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management) evaluation in 2014 (supported by WWF Indonesia), reviews several initiatives from 2004-2015. The conclusions stress the importance of a holistic approach, in particular attention to habitat and microhabitat conservation and stakeholder engagement.

A Tale of Two Urchins - Implications for In-Situ Breeding of the Endangered Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni)

“…A field study (survey) was conducted within the endemic range of the Banggai cardinalfish in the Banggai Archipelago, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. At each of 5 sites in the Banggai Archipelago (Figure 1), 10 belt transects (20 m x 5 m, following Ndobe et al, 2008) were randomly placed in known Banggai cardinalfish habitat, comprising a cumulative area of 1000 m 2 /site. Experimental research was conducted at the Hasanuddin University Marine Station Hatchery on Barranglompo Island, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.…”

“…The Banggai Archipelago, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, comprises over 90% of the Banggai cardinalfish endemic range and populations, including 18 of 21 reproductively isolated stocks inferred based on DNA analyses (Bernardi and Vagelli, 2004;Hoffman et al, 2005;Vagelli et al, 2009;Ndobe, 2013;Moore et al, 2017a). Banggai cardinalfish associate with benthic organisms which serve as microhabitat; despite strong empirical evidence for an ontogenetic shift in microhabitat (Vagelli, 2004;Ndobe et al, 2008), they remain sedentary and strongly siteattached (Kolm et al, 2005). Banggai cardinalfish population abundance and age structure (parameters indicative of reproductive success) are strongly correlated with the abundance of key microhabitat, in particular sea anemones and Diadema sp.…”

“…Most studies on Banggai cardinalfish association with urchin microhabitat have recorded data at the genus level (e.g. Lunn and Moreau, 2004;Ndobe et al,2008;Ndobe et al, 2013a;Ndobe et al, 2013b;Ndobe et al, 2013c;Ndobe et al, 2013d;Moore et al, 2011;Moore et al, 2012). While some publications mention Diadema setosum (e.g.…”

Microhabitat association and population status of the Luwuk introduced Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933) population

“…Likely one of the first introduced populations to be formed was the P. kauderni population in Luwuk harbour, which was already well established in 2000/2001 (Vagelli and Erdmann, 2002). Other sites in Central Sulawesi Province include several sites within the Banggai Archipelago but outside the native (endemic) distribution, in particular Bakalan (Moore et al, 2017b;Ndobe et al, 2017), Paisulimukon and Lumbi-Lumbia (Yahya et al, 2012), Palu Bay (Ndobe et al, 2013a;Syahril et al, 2020) including Mamboro (Moore and Ndobe, 2007) and Kadongo (Ndobe, 2013c), as well as reported but as yet unverified sites in Parigi Moutong Province, Tomini Bay . Other introduced P. kauderni populations in Indonesia include Tumbak (EC-PREP, 2005) and Lembeh Strait in North Sulawesi, sites in and around Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi (Kusumawardhani et al, 2019;Moore et al, 2011), Ambon Bay in Maluku (Wibowo et al, 2019), several sites in Bali (Lilley, 2008;Putra et al, 2021;Putra and Putra, 2019;Mustika et al, 2012) and possibly sites in Sumatra and other regions of Indonesia (Ndobe et al, 2018a).…”

“…These introduced populations cannot be classified as "benign introductions" under IUCN (2012) criteria, most seem to qualify as "wild subpopulations resulting from introductions outside the natural range" which should be assessed (IUCN, 2019). Their potential for contributing to conservation of the species is limited due to genetic diversity conservation issues (Ndobe et al, 2018a) Nonetheless, to date only one introduced population (Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi) is reported as invasive and potentially detrimental to native species (Carlos et al, 2014;Erdmann and Vagelli, 2001;Vagelli, 2011), while several introduced populations have contributed to research on P. kauderni biology and ecology (Moore et al, 2020a(Moore et al, , 2020bNdobe et al, , 2013cNdobe et al, , 2013dNdobe et al, , 2018bSyahril et al, 2020).…”