Konti-Skan HVDC refurbishment and life extension methods for other HVDC projects

Abstract

The paper describes the project to refurbish the Konti-Skan HVDC Link between Sweden and Denmark, which included the replacement of the existing Pole 1, and the addition of top level bipole controls for both the refurbished Pole 1 and the existing Pole 2. The complex project included working in 2 different countries with 2 different client utilities, each requiring different scopes and with 2 contracts each with their own currencies. The project scope included up-rating the converters to match the already upgraded DC line and cable conductor circuit. The paper covers the drivers which prompted the need for refurbishment and how it was justified, and then present the details of the project implementation and the in-service performance.The paper also briefly covers previously completed refurbishment and upgrade work on other HVDC projects around the world and known plans to refurbish, replace or even relocate presently operating HVDC projects.

A Systematic Review on Life Extension Strategies in Industry: The Case of Remanufacturing and Refurbishment

“…Industries have used different ways and processes to implement R/R, depending on the internal strategy and the expected benefits. In industries that have applied refurbishment, the following approaches were considered: an internal owned strategy was used by [25][26][27][28]30]; an economic analysis was performed by [23,24]; analytical models were developed by [33,34] to simulate the effects of the remanufacturing on REB, and a retrospective analysis of maintenance strategies was conducted by [31]. On the other hand, in the industries that have applied to remanufacture, [1,[18][19][20][21], an LCA to calculate the impacts of the remanufactured items was to carry out.…”

“…Further, Refs. [26,27] have coupled the modernization of some system parts to refurbish HVDCC and SVC, respectively, within the energy power industry. On the other hand, remanufacturing was applied as an isolated strategy in all examples described in this work.…”

“…Similarly, Ref. [26] describes a project to refurbish the Konti-Skan (KS) HVDCC link between Sweden and Denmark operating at that time for more than 40 years. The KS comprehends two poles.…”

Life extension decision making of safety critical systems: An overview

“…In the electrical/electronics industry, several life extension case studies have been conducted on generators (see [27,32]), circuit breakers (see [5]), transmission lines and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems (see [25,42,43,55,60,81]), transformers (see [8,12,14,22,30,31,34,44,45,46,47,58,71,87]), control and instrumentation systems (see [26,41,51,72]), switch gears and relays (see [53,76]), cables (see [61]), silicon coating ( [21]), Static VAR compensator (see [91]) and power converters (see [24]).…”