Kooperation unter Unsicherheit

Abstract

Die ländliche Wasserversorgung hat sich seit der Unabhängigkeit Namibias grundlegend verändert. Orientiert an globalen Modellen wie dem community-based management führt der Staat in zahlreichen Gemeinden neue Institutionen zur kommunalen Nutzung der Wasserinfrastruktur ein. Theresa Linkes Studie zeigt im Vergleich dreier pastoraler Siedlungen, dass diese Blaupausen oft in einem Widerspruch zu lokalen Bedingungen stehen. Um Unsicherheiten und steigende Kosten für Wasser zu bewältigen, greifen die Bewohner_innen daher auf bestehende Kooperationsnetzwerke zurück. Flexible Praktiken des Tauschens und Teilens sichern so - auch über das Wasser hinaus - den Zugang zu knappen Ressourcen wie Land oder Nahrung.

The economic value of water: The contradictions and consequences of a prominent development model in Namibia

“…The two principal investigators, Schnegg and Bollig, have conducted ethnographic fieldwork in the region since 1994 (Bollig) and 2003 (Schnegg) and are responsible for the overall design and the comparative analysis of the data. In the first phase of the current fieldwork, three anthropologists stayed for roughly one year in the southern (Fransfontein), central (Otwani), and northern (Okangwati) parts of the Kunene region to gain an in‐depth understanding of the process of negotiating and crafting new water institutions in daily routines (Linke ; Menestrey Schwieger 2015, 2017). Again, three anthropologists continued their work in 2014 in the same communities, while we added a fourth region, the ‡Khoadi ||Hôas conservancy, that same year.…”

“…While those contradictions are important for understanding the unintended consequences of CBM policies in Namibia, they are by far not the only cause. To account for multiple factors, the presented analysis adds to a series of publications that deal with the institutional reconfigurations in post‐apartheid Namibia (Bollig and Menestrey Schwieger 2014; Linke ; Menestrey Schwieger 2017; Schnegg ; Schnegg, Bollig, and Linke ; Schnegg and Linke , ).…”

Institutional multiplexity: social networks and community-based natural resource management

“…The two principle investigators, Schnegg and Bollig, have conducted ethnographic fieldwork in the region since 1994 (Bollig) and 2003 (Schnegg), respectively, and are responsible for the overall design and the comparative analysis of the data. In the first phase of the current fieldwork, three anthropologists (Gradt, Linke, Menestrey-Schwieger) stayed for roughly 1 year in the southern (Fransfontein), central (Otwani), and northern (Okangwati) parts of the research area to gain an in-depth understanding of the process of negotiating and crafting new institutions in daily routines (Linke 2017 ; Menestrey Schwieger 2015 , 2017 ). Again, three anthropologists continued their work in 2014 in the same communities (Dimba-Kiaka, Olwage, Menestrey-Schwieger).…”

Ethnographic Upscaling: Exploring and Testing Hypotheses Drawn from In-depth Ethnographic Findings in Spatially Continuous Cases

“…The approach we present in this article was developed in the Local Institutions in Globalized Societies (LINGS) project, which aimed to understand institutional solutions for managing water in arid Namibia (Schnegg 2016, 2018; Schnegg and Linke 2015). At the ethnographic level, the historical dynamics of water management and the complex interweaving of power, kinship, and identity, as well as cultural norms and standards, were explored in ethnographic case studies of specific places (Linke 2017; Menestrey Schwieger 2015, 2017, 2019). On the basis of rich ethnographic data produced in a number of ethnographic field studies, several hypotheses about the distribution of institutional solutions and their connection with power distribution, wealth differentials, and embeddedness of a community in wider regional networks through labor, trade or educational measures, and the like were formulated.…”