Korean Red Ginseng Powder in the Treatment of Melasma: An Uncontrolled Observational Study

Cha

et al. 2015

IJMS

Three minor ginsenosides, namely, ginsenoside Rh6 (1), vina-ginsenoside R4 (2) and vina-ginsenoside R13 (3), were isolated from the leaves of hydroponic Panax ginseng. The chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS), 1D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 2D-NMR, and, infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The melanogenic inhibitory activity of compounds 1, 2 and 3 was 23.9%, 27.8% and 35.2%, respectively, at a concentration of 80 µM. Likewise, the three compounds showed inhibitory activity on body pigmentation on a zebrafish model, which is commonly used as a model for biomedical or cosmetic research. These results from in vitro and in vivo systems suggest that the three aforementioned compounds isolated from Panax ginseng may have potential as new skin whitening compounds.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Minor Ginsenosides Isolated from the Leaves of Panax ginseng as Inhibitors of Melanogenesis

Cha

et al. 2015

IJMS

Journal of Ginseng Research

“…The mean level of pigmentation and erythema levels also decreased. In addition, 74% of the patients showed some improvement on the patient- and investigator-rated global improvement scales [44] .…”

Section: Effects Of Ginseng and Its Components On Melanogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 summarizes the direct effects of ginseng and its components on skin color and key enzymes involved in melanogenesis. Song et al reported that red ginseng powder improved melasma in a human clinical trial [44] . They orally administered Korean Red Ginseng powder for 24 weeks to female patients with melasma.…”

Section: Effects Of Ginseng and Its Components On Melanogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ginseng and ginsenosides on melanogenesis and their mechanism of action

Kim

2015

Abnormal changes in skin color induce significant cosmetic problems and affect quality of life. There are two groups of abnormal change in skin color; hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Hyperpigmentation, darkening skin color by excessive pigmentation, is a major concern for Asian people with yellow–brown skin. A variety of hypopigmenting agents have been used, but treating the hyperpigmented condition is still challenging and the results are often discouraging. Panax ginseng has been used traditionally in eastern Asia to treat various diseases, due to its immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antioxidative, and antitumor activities. Recently, several reports have shown that extract, powder, or some constituents of ginseng could inhibit melanogenesis in vivo or in vitro. The underlying mechanisms of antimelanogenic properties in ginseng or its components include the direct inhibition of key enzymes of melanogenesis, inhibition of transcription factors or signaling pathways involved in melanogenesis, decreasing production of inducers of melanogenesis, and enhancing production of antimelanogenic factor. Although there still remain some controversial issues surrounding the antimelanogenic activity of ginseng, especially in its effect on production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, these recent findings suggest that ginseng and its constituents might be potential candidates for novel skin whitening agents.

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

“…Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary extrinsic factor that drives skin aging, which leads to the development of fine lines, wrinkles, and discoloration . Orally administered essential micronutrients, plant extracts, and marine‐based components have been studied for their effects on photoaged skin . Dietary intake of and supplementation with these nutrient and non‐nutrient ingredients can positively affect the skin's appearance by providing photoprotection from UV radiation and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multicenter, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trial assessing the effects of a multicomponent nutritional supplement for treating photoaged skin in healthy women

Birnbaum¹,

Hickman²,

Dispensa

et al. 2016

SummaryBackground Dietary or supplementary intake of nutrients and other ingredients positively affects skin appearance. Aims Evaluate a multicomponent nutritional supplement on photoaged skin. Patients/Methods This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized healthy 35-to 65-year-old women with Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV and Glogau classification types II-III to a multicomponent nutritional supplement or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was Investigator Global Assessment of overall facial appearance at week 24. Secondary endpoints included investigator-and subject-rated assessments of the face, decolletage, and hands; facial photography assessments (conducted by an independent panel of dermatologists); and instrumental measures. Analysis of variance was used to assess between-group differences (P ≤ 0.05). Results Of 194 randomized subjects, 171 completed the study. Subjects had a mean age of 53 years and were primarily white (81%), had Glogau II (58%) and Fitzpatrick III (45%; significantly more supplement subjects had Fitzpatrick III [54%] vs. placebo [35%]; P = 0.039). At week 24, Investigator Global Assessment of overall facial appearance was numerically but not statistically better for supplement over placebo (mean difference: 0.14 [95% confidence interval: À0.16-0.44]; P = 0.358). A significant treatment-by-site interaction (P = 0.073) was observed; by-site analyses revealed a significant difference at one of three geographical sites for supplement vs. placebo (P = 0.001). Differences on secondary endpoints were generally not significant. Conclusions In the first multicenter study conducted with this multicomponent nutritional supplement, no significantly greater effects vs. placebo were observed on the primary endpoint, perhaps because of significant between-site variability.