Kosa aerosol as eolian carrier of anthropogenic material

Nishikawa, Masataka; Kanamori, Satoru; Kanamori, Nobuko; Mizoguchi, Takahiro

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(91)90247-c

Cited by 166 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It has been observed that particulate sulfate and nitrate in the marine atmosphere always show much higher levels in the presence of dust than during non-dust periods, and the increase of sulfate concentration is sometimes comparable to that of sea salt (e.g., Nishikawa et al 1991). This means that the enhancement of sulfate production is comparable to that of the increase of sea salt in some dust plumes in the marine boundary layer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Comparison of Size Changes of Asian Dust Particles Caused by Sea Salt and Sulfate

Zhang

Iwasaka

2006

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Atmospheric particles were collected in southwestern Japan during dust storm events in spring 2000, and the samples were treated with water-dialysis. In this study, size change of dust particles before and after dialysis is discussed with respect to their sea salt and sulfur contents. It is confirmed that size increase of dust particles has a strong correlation with their sea salt content but is independent from their non-sea-salt sulfur content. This suggests that the growth of dust particles in size during their dispersion in the marine atmosphere is dominated by the combination with sea salt rather than by other processes such as surface uptake of sulfate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Comparison of Size Changes of Asian Dust Particles Caused by Sea Salt and Sulfate

Zhang

Iwasaka

2006

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Sea salt and mineral dust aerosols are considered in 4 size bins (radius: <0.63, 0.63-1.25, 1.25-2.5, and 2.5-10 µm). For this study, the total amount of particulate sulfate condensed on the large dust particles (radius >1.25 µm) is determined by the available particle surface area (Nishikawa et al, 1991;Carmichael, 1999, 2001;Zhang et al, 2000).…”

Section: Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry Transport Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of dust alkalinity in acid mobilization of iron

2010

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Abstract. Atmospheric processing of mineral aerosols by acid gases (e.g., SO 2 , HNO 3 , N 2 O 5 , and HCl) may play a key role in the transformation of insoluble iron (Fe in the oxidized or ferric (III) form) to soluble forms (e.g., Fe(II), inorganic soluble species of Fe(III), and organic complexes of iron). On the other hand, mineral dust particles have a potential of neutralizing the acidic species due to the alkaline buffer ability of carbonate minerals (e.g., CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 ). Here we demonstrate the impact of dust alkalinity on the acid mobilization of iron in a three-dimensional aerosol chemistry transport model that includes a mineral dissolution scheme. In our model simulations, most of the alkaline dust minerals cannot be entirely consumed by inorganic acids during the transport across the North Pacific Ocean. As a result, the inclusion of alkaline compounds in aqueous chemistry substantially limits the iron dissolution during the long-range transport to the North Pacific Ocean: only a small fraction of iron (<0.2%) dissolves from hematite in the coarse-mode dust aerosols with 0.45% soluble iron initially. On the other hand, a significant fraction of iron (1-2%) dissolves in the fine-mode dust aerosols due to the acid mobilization of the iron-containing minerals externally mixed with carbonate minerals. Consequently, the model quantitatively reproduces higher iron solubility in smaller particles as suggested by measurements over the Pacific Ocean. It implies that the buffering effect of alkaline content in dust aerosols might help to explain the inverse relationship between aerosol iron solubility and particle size. We also demonstrate that the iron solubility is sensitive to the chemical specification of iron-containing minerals in dust. Compared with the dust sources, soluble iron from combustion sources contributes to a relatively marginal effect for deCorrespondence to: A. Ito (akinorii@jamstec.go.jp) position of soluble iron over the North Pacific Ocean during springtime. Our results suggest that more comprehensive data for chemical specificity of iron-rich dust is needed to improve the predictive capability for size-segregated soluble iron particles.

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“…Secondly, dust aerosol may change the physical and radiative properties of clouds (Ramanathan et al, 2001). Thirdly, heterogeneous reactions on the surface of dust particles may lead to the formation of sulfate and/or nitrate layers on the surface of these particles (Prospero and Savoie, 1989;Nishikawa et al, 1991;Dentener et al, 1996;Jacob, 2000). Finally, dust particles may have an impact on human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical, physical and chemical characteristics of Australian continental aerosols: results from a field experiment

Radhi

Box

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Mineral dust is one of the major components of the world's aerosol mix, having a number of impacts within the Earth system. However, the climate forcing impact of mineral dust is currently poorly constrained, with even its sign uncertain. As Australian deserts are more reddish than those in the Northern Hemisphere, it is important to better understand the physical, chemical and optical properties of this important aerosol. We have investigated the properties of Australian desert dust at a site in SW Queensland, which is strongly influenced by both dust and biomass burning aerosol.Three years of ground-based monitoring of spectral optical thickness has provided a statistical picture of gross aerosol properties. The aerosol optical depth data showed a clear though moderate seasonal cycle with an annual mean of 0.06 ± 0.03. The Angstrom coefficient showed a stronger cycle, indicating the influence of the winter-spring burning season in Australia's north. AERONET size distributions showed a generally bimodal character, with the coarse mode assumed to be mineral dust, and the fine mode a mixture of fine dust, biomass burning and marine biogenic material.In November 2006 we undertook a field campaign which collected 4 sets of size-resolved aerosol samples for laboratory analysis -ion beam analysis and ion chromatography. Ion beam analysis was used to determine the elemental composition of all filter samples, although elemental ratios were considered the most reliable output. Scatter plots showed that Fe, Al and Ti were well correlated with Si, and Co reasonably well correlated with Si, with the Fe/Al ratio somewhat higher than values reported from Northern Hemisphere sites (as expected). Scatter plots for Ca, Mn and K against Si showed Correspondence to: M. A. Box (m.box@unsw.edu.au) clear evidence of a second population, which in some cases could be identified with a particular sample day or size fraction. These data may be used to attempt to build a signature of soil in this region of the Australian interior.Ion chromatography was used to quantify water soluble ions for 2 of our sample sets, complementing the picture provided by ion beam analysis. The strong similarities between the MSA and SO 2− 4 size distributions argue strongly for a marine origin of much of the SO 2− 4 . The similarity of the Na + , Cl − and Mg 2+ size distributions also argue for a marine contribution. Further, we believe that both NO are the result of surface reactions with appropriate gases.

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Kosa aerosol as eolian carrier of anthropogenic material

Cited by 166 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of Size Changes of Asian Dust Particles Caused by Sea Salt and Sulfate

Comparison of Size Changes of Asian Dust Particles Caused by Sea Salt and Sulfate

Role of dust alkalinity in acid mobilization of iron

Optical, physical and chemical characteristics of Australian continental aerosols: results from a field experiment

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