Kovacs memory effect with an optically levitated nanoparticle

Anomalous heating in a colloidal system

“…For example, Gal and Raz show that an initial cooling quench followed by a heating quench can speed up heating times exponentially, even in systems that would not otherwise exhibit the inverse Mpemba effect [42]. In the Kovacs effect, protocols that drive the system out of equilibrium can produce a non-monotonic relaxation, even after the forcing has ceased [43][44][45][46]. Finally, in the Leidenfrost effect, a water droplet placed on a hot surface survives evaporation longer than one placed on a warm surface.…”