Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth): Manfaat, Efek Samping dan Legalitas

Raini, Mariana

doi:10.22435/mpk.v27i3.6806.175-184

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…M. speciosa has traditionally been used in Indonesia to improve stamina, cure pain, rheumatism, gout, hypertension, stroke symptoms, diabetes, sleeplessness, wounds, diarrhea, cough, cholesterol, typhoid, and stimulate appetite [5,58,72,73]. Several empirical properties have been studied, including substantial analgesic effects, sedative effects, immune system boosting benefits, stimulant and anti-depressant effects, usage in pregnant and nursing women, and possible misuse and withdrawal symptoms [10,15,26,[74][75][76].…”

Section: The Genus Mitragyna In Traditional Medicine Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, dried M. speciosa leaves, mitragynine components, or other alkaloids from the plants are listed under the United Nations Drug Conventions of 1961 or 1971; hence, each country, state, or territory determines its legal position individually. The use of the mitragynine compound from M. speciosa, 7-hydroxymitragynine, is controlled in several countries, including Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, New Zealand, Sweden, Vietnam, Romania and several states of the United States [29][30][31]73,[154][155][156].…”

Section: Legal Issues Of Mitragyna Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mitragyna Species as Pharmacological Agents: From Abuse to Promising Pharmaceutical Products

Ahmad

Prabowo

Arifuddin

et al. 2022

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mitragyna is a genus belonging to the Rubiaceae family and is a plant endemic to Asia and Africa. Traditionally, the plants of this genus were used by local people to treat some diseases from generation to generation. Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. is a controversial plant from this genus, known under the trading name “kratom”, and contains more than 40 different types of alkaloids. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine have agonist morphine-like effects on opioid receptors. Globally, Mitragyna plants have high economic value. However, regulations regarding the circulation and use of these commodities vary in several countries around the world. This review article aims to comprehensively examine Mitragyna plants (mainly M. speciosa) as potential pharmacological agents by looking at various aspects of the plants. A literature search was performed and information collected using electronic databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, directory open access journal (DOAJ), and Google Scholar in early 2020 to mid-2021. This narrative review highlights some aspects of this genus, including historical background and botanical origins, habitat, cultivation, its use in traditional medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity, abuse and addiction, legal issues, and the potential of Mitragyna species as pharmaceutical products.

show abstract

Section: The Genus Mitragyna In Traditional Medicine Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Legal Issues Of Mitragyna Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitragyna Species as Pharmacological Agents: From Abuse to Promising Pharmaceutical Products

Ahmad

Prabowo

Arifuddin

et al. 2022

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…13 Similarly, with regards to the content contained in kratom leaves, Prozialeck et al 55 stated that the usage of kratom leaves on a long-term basis with large doses might trigger sedative effects, emotional disturbances, weight loss, kidney disorders, and addiction. Nevertheless, Raini 56 reported that the effects of kratom would depend on the dose amounts administered; in lower doses, it may have a stimulatory effect, yet in higher doses, it may cause a mild narcotic effect, but not the strong one. The higher the doses of kratom leaves administered in a specific period during treatments, the more severe the damage in the liver developed.…”

Section: Score Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Organ Impairment Due to the Consumption of Kratom Leaves (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.)

Panjaitan¹,

Liridah²

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was aimed to evaluate the administration effects of kratom leaves extracts on the liver of mice (Mus musculus). The total of 25 mice was divided into five groups, respectively; (A) without treatment, (B) treatment with distilled water at 0.50 ml/20 g body weight, (C) treatment of kratom leaves extracts with a dosage of 0.15 mg/20 g body weight, (D) treatment of kratom leaves extracts with a dosage to 0.30 mg/20 g body weight and (E) treatment with a dosage of silymarin at 0.70 mg/20 g body weight. All those treatments were completed in seven consecutive days. On day 8, blood withdrawal and liver dissection were executed. The average levels of AST enzyme in the treatment groups respectively showed 22.

show abstract

“…Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan penggunaan pelarut hijau untuk mengekstraksi senyawa metabolit sekunder target seperti ekstraksi kafein dan total polifenol dari biji kopi (Ahmad, et.al, 2018), ekstraksi xanton dari manggis (Mulia et al, 2019) (Brown et al, 2017). Secara tradisional, bagian daun dari tumbuhan ini dipercaya masyarakat memiliki khasiat seperti mengatasi nyeri otot, mengatasi depresi, obat kuat/perangsang, batuk, diare, dan diabetes (Singh et al, 2016;Raini, 2017). Telah dilaporkan pula bahwa daun Kadamba mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa flavonoid, terpenoid, polifenol, glikosida, dan alkaloid sebagai senyawa mayor (mengandung 40 jenis alkaloid terutama mitraginin) (Ikhwan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pengayaan Polifenol Total dari Daun Kadamba Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Berbantu Mikrowave Berbasis Pelarut Hijau

Ahmad¹,

Yusniah

Nur

et al. 2020

JFG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study aims to optimize the natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) as a green solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of total polyphenols content (TPC) from Mitragyna speciosa Korth Havil leaves using response surface methodology (RSM). Preparation of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) as a green solvent was performed by melting the two-component of malic acid and glucose using a magnetic stirrer. The leaves sample was extracted using the NADES-MAE method with various extraction conditions with four factors and three levels (Box Behnken Design) and optimized using RSM with licensed software of Design Expert V12. TPC was determined using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and absorbance was measured on a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 770 nm and gallic acid as a standard. This study was obtained the optimum extraction conditions include: NADES ratio (malic acid: glucose) of 1:2 g/g, 50% microwave power, a solvent-sampel ratio of 12:1 mL/g, and extraction time for 7 minutes. The optimum conditions were obtained according to the equation formula: TPC = 165.17 – 33.97X1 + 38.36X2 – 6.08X3 + 16.12X4 – 62.77X1X2 + 79.61X12X2, where a R2 value = 0.7102 with a TPC prediction of 402.087±43.81 mg GAE/g sample. These conditions can be used to extract TPC from this plant efficiently, quickly, easily, and environmentally friendly.

show abstract

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth): Manfaat, Efek Samping dan Legalitas

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Mitragyna Species as Pharmacological Agents: From Abuse to Promising Pharmaceutical Products

Mitragyna Species as Pharmacological Agents: From Abuse to Promising Pharmaceutical Products

Liver Organ Impairment Due to the Consumption of Kratom Leaves (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.)

Pengayaan Polifenol Total dari Daun Kadamba Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Berbantu Mikrowave Berbasis Pelarut Hijau

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About