Kreativwirtschaft und Kulturhauptstadt : Katalysatoren urbaner Entwicklung in altindustriellen Ballungsregionen?

Transnationalisation of development strategies in East Central European cities: A survey of the shortlisted Polish European Capital of Culture candidate cities

“…So what had started in the 1980s as an intergovernmental initiative to add a cultural dimension to the European integration process by staging seasonal festivals in cultural hubs such as Athens, Florence or Berlin, has over the years and decades developed into “a kind of European urban policy by different means” (Habit, 2011: 154), i.e. into a community action well embedded in EU policies (see also Gierat-Bieroń, 2009; Herrero et al, 2006; Mittag and Oerters, 2009). In turn this has rendered the task of applying to be an ECOC a much more demanding one for candidate cities.…”