“…Managing the image of Polish universities, like other non-profit institutions, was considered unnecessary for decades (Oleksy, 2022). It was only the need to compete through the quality of education as a factor in building a strong brand for the purpose of attracting and retaining key customers, who are students (Pacholarz, 2022), and the approach to students as the primary stakeholders without whom universities would cease to exist, that changed the perspective of those in charge of these institutions regarding such efforts (Witczak, Mitręga, 2015).…”