Kudzu (<i>Pueraria montana</i>): History, Physiology, and Ecology Combine to Make a Major Ecosystem Threat

Forseth, Irwin N.; Innis, Anne F.

doi:10.1080/07352680490505150

Cited by 219 publications

(210 citation statements)

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“…Pleas was not the only one to jump on the proverbial bandwagon. Kudzu's high rate of photosynthesis, the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, and the ability to root at nodes in contact with the soil allows kudzu to grow and spread quickly (Forseth and Innis, 2004), making it an ideal candidate for soil erosion prevention. During the 1930's and 1940's the Soil Conservation Service promoted its planting to prevent soil erosion by distributing 73-85 million seeds and giving money to farmers to plant it (Britton et al, 2002;Hill, 1985;Ward, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kudzu has been coined as a "polluting plant" due to its contributions to ozone pollution. Kudzu emits isoprene (Forseth and Innis, 2004), a photochemically reactive hydrocarbon that forms ozone and smog in the presence of nitrogen oxides. Kudzu also has the capability to fix nitrogen, 2/3 the rate of soybeans, which causes an increase in soil emission of nitrous oxide (Hickman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parsing polyphyletic Pueraria: Delimiting distinct evolutionary lineages through phylogeny

Egan

Vatanparast

Cagle³

2016

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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A taxon is defined as polyphyletic when it does not include the last common ancestor of all true members of the taxon, resulting in a number of subgroups not united by a common ancestor. Previous work has suggested Pueraria (Fabaceae) to be polyphyletic. Although several taxonomic treatments have recognized Pueraria as an unnatural grouping since its creation in 1825, and two have put forth taxonomic hypotheses, the polyphyly has never been resolved. The need for further biosystematic research has always been cited as the reason no changes were proposed. This project attempted to address this issue by sampling broadly across phaseoloid legumes with an initial target goal of 156 species including 15 species of Pueraria. Ultimately, 104 species across 69 genera were sampled for AS2 and 116 species across 64 genera for matK.Phylogeny reconstruction was carried out using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference.Both analyses yielded congruent tree topologies and similar support values. Both previous taxonomic hypotheses show some congruence with the data, but discrepancies do occur. This work provides strong support for the existence of five separate clades within the genus Pueraria, requiring the resurrection of the genus Neustanthus for P. phaseoloides along with the need to create a new genus each for P. stricta, P. peduncularis, and P. wallichii. PARSING POLYPHYLETIC PUERARIA: DELIMITING DISTINCT EVOLUTIONARY LINEAGES THROUGH PHYLOGENY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parsing polyphyletic Pueraria: Delimiting distinct evolutionary lineages through phylogeny

Egan

Vatanparast

Cagle³

2016

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Estimates of the current kudzu infestation in the US vary considerably, from several hundred thousand to over 10 million acres (4.05 million ha), but the most commonly cited Wgure is around 7 million acres (2.84 million ha) (Britton et al, 2002;Corley et al, 1997;Everest et al, 1999;Fears and Frederick, 1977;Miller and Edwards, 1983;Mitich, 2000) and the infestation continues to spread. Kudzu is widely believed to drastically reduce biodiversity because of its ability to smother other vegetation and develop large-scale monocultures (Alderman, 1998), although quantitative investigations are lacking (Forseth and Innis, 2004). Matlock (2002) reported expert consensus in Mississippi that kudzu posed one of the most serious threats to natural areas due to its ability to overwhelm natural vegetation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of phytophagous insects and foliar pathogens in China for a biocontrol perspective on kudzu, Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen and S. Almeida (Fabaceae)

et al. 2006

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of phytophagous insects and foliar pathogens in China for a biocontrol perspective on kudzu, Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen and S. Almeida (Fabaceae)" (2006 AbstractA three-year survey of kudzu foliage, seed, stems, and roots for associated phytophagous insects was conducted to establish basic information about the insect communities that kudzu harbors in China and to assess the abundance, diversity and damage caused by these insects. Diseases of kudzu were also surveyed in southern China. A total of 116 phytophagous insect species in 31 families and 5 orders were collected from kudzu in China, in six feeding guilds: foliage, sap, stem, terminal, seed and root feeders. The impact of foliage feeders varied from site to site and year to year, and over the course of the growing season. The mean percent defoliation of kudzu over all plots and years was 13.3 § 1.9%, but ranged as high as 34%. Two insect species fed on shoots and clipped oV terminals. Infestation of new shoots was high, with nearly half of all shoots clipped. Nearly half of the vines showed damage from stem borers, again varying through the season. Two species of insects attacked kudzu roots, mainly the cerambycid beetle Paraleprodera diophthalma (Pascoe), which caused considerable damage to both small (young, <3.4 cm diameter) and large (older, >6 cm diameter) roots. Insects also caused substantial seed damage. Imitation rust, caused by Synchytrium minutum [ D S. puerariae (P. Henning) Miyabe], was the most commonly observed disease of kudzu. Several of these species have potential as biological control agents for kudzu in the US. 

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“…Kudzu exhibits a high degree of nodulation and nitrogenase activity in the United States, and a capacity for high rates of nitrogen (N) fixation has been observed in its native range (Lynd andAnsman 1990, Forseth andInnis 2004). Although fixation rates have not been measured in the U.S., kudzu is accelerating N mineralization and nitrification rates in Georgia soils, sometimes by an order of magnitude (Hickman et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently estimated to be spreading by 50,000 ha yr À1 , kudzu already covers over 3 million ha in the southeastern United States, roughly equivalent to the acreage of soybean agriculture in the region, making it the dominant nitrogenfixer in the southeastern United States of America (USDA 2002, Forseth andInnis 2004). Kudzu exhibits a high degree of nodulation and nitrogenase activity in the United States, and a capacity for high rates of nitrogen (N) fixation has been observed in its native range (Lynd andAnsman 1990, Forseth andInnis 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical impacts of the northward expansion of kudzu under climate change: the importance of ecological context

Hickman

Lerdau

2013

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Climate change is generally expected to push plant species to higher latitudes and elevations; how the climate-induced migrations of disruptive invasive species may affect higher-latitude ecosystems has not been widely examined. Kudzu (Pueraria montana) has large impacts on nitrogen (N) cycling and trace N gas emissions in the southeastern United States. To understand how its projected northward migration under climate change will impact ecosystems in the northeastern United States, we examine the impacts of kudzu in the Mid-Atlantic region, near kudzu's northern invasion front. We pair plots invaded by kudzu with adjacent uninvaded plots, and examine rates of leaf litter decomposition, soil nitrogen pools and net cycling rates, N trace gas emissions, and microbial dynamics. Kudzu litter has more N and decomposes faster than litter from co-occurring species. Unlike in Georgia, near the center of kudzu's current range in the United States, kudzu invasion in the Mid-Atlantic has very small ecosystem impacts, causing significant increases only in the sizes of soil nitrate pools. These Mid-Atlantic ecosystems may be buffered against invasion impacts, creating a lag between changes in the plant community and biogeochemical changes. A combination of factors, including time since establishment, soil types, growing season length, and temperatures, may limit kudzu's biogeochemical impacts along its invasion front.

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Kudzu (Pueraria montana): History, Physiology, and Ecology Combine to Make a Major Ecosystem Threat

Cited by 219 publications

References 83 publications

Parsing polyphyletic Pueraria: Delimiting distinct evolutionary lineages through phylogeny

Parsing polyphyletic Pueraria: Delimiting distinct evolutionary lineages through phylogeny

Survey of phytophagous insects and foliar pathogens in China for a biocontrol perspective on kudzu, Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen and S. Almeida (Fabaceae)

Biogeochemical impacts of the northward expansion of kudzu under climate change: the importance of ecological context

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