Künstliche molekulare Motoren auf DNA‐Basis nach dem Vorbild von Kinesin

Kelly, T. Ross

doi:10.1002/ange.200500568

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As with the small‐molecule organic systems, a key challenge for DNA‐based machines is achieving directional processive motion, either in a linear or rotary form. In this regard, successful systems have recently been demonstrated by four independent research groups 583. The first of these, from Sherman and Seeman, is shown in Figure 56 584.…”

Section: Artificial Biomolecular Machinesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthetic Molecular Motors and Mechanical Machines

2006

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The widespread use of controlled molecular-level motion in key natural processes suggests that great rewards could come from bridging the gap between the present generation of synthetic molecular systems, which by and large rely upon electronic and chemical effects to carry out their functions, and the machines of the macroscopic world, which utilize the synchronized movements of smaller parts to perform specific tasks. This is a scientific area of great contemporary interest and extraordinary recent growth, yet the notion of molecular-level machines dates back to a time when the ideas surrounding the statistical nature of matter and the laws of thermodynamics were first being formulated. Here we outline the exciting successes in taming molecular-level movement thus far, the underlying principles that all experimental designs must follow, and the early progress made towards utilizing synthetic molecular structures to perform tasks using mechanical motion. We also highlight some of the issues and challenges that still need to be overcome.

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Section: Artificial Biomolecular Machinesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthetic Molecular Motors and Mechanical Machines

2006

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“…Wie bei kleinen organischen Molekülen besteht die Hauptschwierigkeit für DNA‐Maschinen darin, eine gerichtete, schrittweise fortschreitende lineare oder Rotationsbewegung auszulösen. Vier Arbeitsgruppen hatten hier kürzlich unabhängig voneinander Erfolg,583 als erstes Seeman (Abbildung 56) 584. Eine dreifache Crossover‐Verbindung dient dabei als starre Schiene, an die drei einsträngige “Trittbretter” angebracht sind (rot, grün und hellblau).…”

Section: Künstliche Biomolekulare Maschinenunclassified

Synthetische molekulare Motoren und mechanische Maschinen

2006

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In der Natur spielen gesteuerte Bewegungen auf molekularer Ebene bei vielen Prozessen eine Schlüsselrolle. Das Schließen der Lücke zwischen der aktuellen Generation synthetischer Verbindungen, bei denen hauptsächlich elektronische und chemische Effekte genutzt werden, und makroskopischen Maschinen, deren Funktionsfähigkeit auf der synchronisierten Bewegung von Maschinenteilen beruht, wäre ein großer Erfolg. Dieses Forschungsgebiet wird derzeit intensiv bearbeitet und wächst außerordentlich schnell. Die ersten Überlegungen zu molekularen Maschinen reichen allerdings weiter zurück in die Vergangenheit, in eine Zeit, in der die Konzepte vom statistischen Verhalten der Materie und die Gesetze der Thermodynamik formuliert wurden. Wir umreißen hier die Erfolgsgeschichte der Bändigung molekularer Bewegungen, der Beherrschung der grundlegenden Prinzipien, an denen sich das Design zu orientieren hat, und der Fortschritte bei der Anwendung synthetischer Systeme, die durch mechanische Bewegung Aufgaben verrichten können. Ferner werden wir auf einige ungelöste Probleme eingehen.

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“…[4] In addition, the ability to form duplexes and other secondary structures through predictable hybridization has been used in constructing programmable devices and architectures on the nanometer-length scale. [5] Therefore, the necessity for methods that control hybridization by external stimuli is clear. The most promising external trigger is photoirradiation because it allows accurate and easy control of the location, dosage, and time when an event occurs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Straightforward and Reversible Photoregulation of Hybridization by Using a Photochromic Nucleoside

Ogasawara

Maeda

2008

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Hybridization of nucleic acids through Watson-Crick base pairing is a fundamental phenomenon in many biological events, such as gene regulation [1] by antisense agents, [2] small interfering RNA (siRNA), [3] or microRNA (miRNA). [4] In addition, the ability to form duplexes and other secondary structures through predictable hybridization has been used in constructing programmable devices and architectures on the nanometer-length scale.[5] Therefore, the necessity for methods that control hybridization by external stimuli is clear. The most promising external trigger is photoirradiation because it allows accurate and easy control of the location, dosage, and time when an event occurs. One common approach for photoregulation of hybridization involves the installation of a photoprotecting group that can be completely removed by photoirradiation.[6] This strategy, termed caging, [7] allows regulation only once and in only one direction, whereas the method employing cis-trans photoisomerization of azobenzene inserted as a base-pair (bp) replacement allows reversible control.[8] Although a significant melting-temperature difference (DT m ) is obtained upon cis-trans isomerization of azobenzene, this approach requires the introduction of multiple azobenzene moieties in the side chain. For example, 9 azobenzenes are required for the photoregulation of a 20-bp DNA duplex; these cause the structure of the duplex to deviate far from the B form and prevent its interaction with proteins. [9] Additional efforts are, therefore, needed to create more broadly applicable photoregulation methods that promise straightforward and reversible control without harm to the native B-form structure.Herein, we report a new strategy for the photoregulation of hybridization by using cis-trans photoisomerization of a photochromic nucleoside (PCN) that reversibly changes its photochemical and physical properties, such as fluorescence intensity, upon photoisomerization by an external light stimulus.[10] Our strategy successfully allowed extremely straightforward and reversible duplex regulation of a 20-bp DNA, even at room temperature. We designed three C8-substituted 2'-deoxyguanosine PCNs, G, so the stability of the duplex should change due to alteration in the steric hindrance to the backbone upon cis-trans isomerization (Scheme 1). The synthesis of the PCNs was achieved by employing two consecutive palladium-catalyzed crosscoupling reactions, as shown in Scheme 2. 8-Bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine (1) was converted into 2 by stepwise protections of the amino group with DMF-dimethylacetal and of the 5'-hydroxy group with 4,4'-dimethoxytritylchloride. Compound 2 was then subjected to cross-coupling with tributyl-

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Künstliche molekulare Motoren auf DNA‐Basis nach dem Vorbild von Kinesin

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

Synthetic Molecular Motors and Mechanical Machines

Synthetic Molecular Motors and Mechanical Machines

Synthetische molekulare Motoren und mechanische Maschinen

Straightforward and Reversible Photoregulation of Hybridization by Using a Photochromic Nucleoside

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