“…As a result of the development of digital technologies, countries in different parts of the world have updated or proposed to update their curricula (Mannila et al, 2014;Bocconi et al, 2016;Dagienė et al, 2022;Petrovica et al, 2022;Çayak & Erol, 2023;Timotheou et al, 2023;Fernández et al, 2023). While some countries focus on students' digital skills, others have integrated programming into their curricula.…”