Kuznets type relationship between water use and economic growth in China

Zhao, Xuelian; Fan, Xinghua; Liang, Jiaochen

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.189

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Currently, most research focuses on the first causality-i.e., how and to what extent anthropogenic activities drive the deterioration and depletion of water resources [23,24]. In this respect, a large cluster of studies focuses on the relationship between economic indicators and water indicators using econometric models, with particular emphasis on the existence (or not) of an EKC [25][26][27]. For example, Yoo (2007) found a unidirectional causality running from regional economic growth to urban water consumption, without any feedback effects, in the Taejeon urban area in Korea from 1973-2001 [24].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Water-Economy Nexus and Sustainable Transition of the Pearl River Delta, China (1999–2015)

Liu

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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As the world’s largest urban area in both size and population, the rapid development of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) during past three decades has been accompanied by worsening water problems. This paper examines the water-economy nexus of the PRD from the perspectives of both water use and water quality between 1999 and 2015, with a Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition model as well as an Environmental Kuznets Curve model, in order to assess the sustainable transition of the area. The results show that in this period, while the water dependency of economic development went down by a significant extent, the efficiency gains did not prevail over problems caused by economic scale expansion. However, at the city level, the 2008 financial crisis stimulated an economic transformation of the main economies from being scale-dominated to being efficiency-dominated. From 2009 to 2015, the sewage decreases driven by water dependency of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Dongguan outweighed the sewage increases driven by economic scale. While sewage discharge increased, the river water quality of the PRD kept improving. We found an inverted “U”-shaped relationship between GDP per capita and water quality of the PRD, with GDP per capita = ¥14,228.27 as the inflection point for river water quality. Once dubbed the “factory floor” of the world, the PRD has moved into a less environmentally impactful phase of development, with more expenditure on environmental protection and policy reform. However, given the huge and ever-increasing economic and population scales, ensuring a sufficient and safe water supply through industrial recycling and public education, along with even further pollution abatement, will be particularly important.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Water-Economy Nexus and Sustainable Transition of the Pearl River Delta, China (1999–2015)

Liu

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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“…The economic development level also had a significant positive effect, which was consistent with the theory of environmental Kuznets curve. When GDP per capita reaches a certain level, the problems of resource consumption and environmental pollution would be gradually improved [68,69]. Foreign investment also had a significant positive effect, and would have a spillover effect on regional enterprises through the correlation effect, demonstration effect, competition effect and talent flow effect, which would improve the utilization efficiency [70,71].…”

Section: Driving Factors Of Industrial Water Utilization Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Urbanization Level, Urban Primacy and Industrial Water Utilization Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Ding

Jia

2019

Sustainability

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Considering the undesirable output, this paper adopted the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with the slack variable and super efficiency improvement, to measure industrial water utilization efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The paper also creatively introduces urbanization level and urban primacy into driver factors' estimation by stochastic and fixed Tobit models, exploring how urbanization characteristics affected the water utilization in regional industrial production. The results showed that industrial water efficiency has maintained an upward trend during the whole period, while most central and western provinces have shown a U-shaped trend of decreasing first and then rising. However, the industrial water utilization efficiency of central regions is the lowest, and the eastern regions are the highest, catching up with western regions. Utilization efficiency shows an overall convergence during the research period from 2005 to 2017. Regarding the factors' estimation, both population urbanization and land urbanization negatively affected industrial water utilization efficiency, particularly blind expansion and disorderly development. The urban primacy meant the unbalance of urbanization, which would lead to urban diseases and pollution transfer, while the effects of urban primacy depended on the urbanization level. However, the utilization efficiency of industrial water did not become better automatically along with urbanization development; therefore, the scale and speed of urbanization should be scientifically formulated. The effects of the level of economic development, the advanced industrial structure, and the level of foreign investment are significantly negative. rate has increased from 14.08% in 1978 to 58.28% in 2017. The average rate of water quality qualification was only 73.2% in 2017, while the rate of water quality qualification lower than Class III was 16.1% [2]. The Class III water was mainly suitable for centralized drinking water, fishing and swimming, while the water of Class IV was mainly for industrial production and was not suitable for direct human contact. The built-up urban area was 22,182 square kilometers in 2017 and had been doubled from 12,122 square kilometers in 2005. Urbanization is always accompanied by industrialization and the transfer of rural populations, which also leads to the continuously optimization of the allocation of production factors. However, the industry cluster, the rapid growth of the urban population and the rapid expansion of construction land are also likely to cause irreversible water resources crises and water environment problems [3]. Moreover, water management and allocation, apart from the current competing demands, such as industrial water, urban water supply, agricultural irrigation, and ecosystems preservation, will be further affected, mainly by demographic and climatic changes drivers that increase the stress on water resources [4].

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“…In addition to water use in the agricultural sector for economic gains, water use in the industrial sector is another critical component that drives the economy. Zhao et al (2017) studied the relationship between economic growth and water usage and deduced that these factors are not entirely connected. Instead, there are various factors, such as technology, population, urbanisation, affluence and industrial structure, linking them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, there are various factors, such as technology, population, urbanisation, affluence and industrial structure, linking them. Zhao et al (2017) found that population and technology are significant factors affecting the relationship between economic growth and water usage. Moreover, they found an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and water consumption with the inflection point expected to occur in 2021 (Zhao et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting water consumption on transboundary water resources for water resource management using the feed-forward neural network: a case study of the Nile River in Egypt and Kenya

Mumbi

Bavumiragira

et al. 2021

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Water resources are an essential component of a country’s natural resource potential. Pressure on these resources is set to increase due to increased water demand, climate change and rainfall variability. This could lead to conflicts between sectoral users, within or between countries, especially among transboundary countries. Interest in transboundary water resources is a priority, especially where issues such as uncertainty regarding the status of transboundary waterbodies and reductions in water volume persist. In this study, we used the feed-forward neural network to forecast water demand along the Nile River in two countries, Egypt and Kenya. Two scenarios were modelled. Input data for the first scenario included preceding records of precipitation, gross domestic product, population and water use in the agricultural sector. The second scenario observed the effects of the growing economy on water resources by doubling the gross domestic product and keeping all other inputs constant. For Kenya, the results projected a steady increase in water demand throughout the next 20 years for both scenarios. However, for Egypt, the observed trend in both scenarios was a decline in water demand, followed by a steady increase. The results underscore the importance of forecasting for easier future planning and management, and to help governing bodies along transboundary water resources develop timely strategies in the future to alleviate future water shortages and poor management of water resources.

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Kuznets type relationship between water use and economic growth in China

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

The Water-Economy Nexus and Sustainable Transition of the Pearl River Delta, China (1999–2015)

The Water-Economy Nexus and Sustainable Transition of the Pearl River Delta, China (1999–2015)

Study on Urbanization Level, Urban Primacy and Industrial Water Utilization Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Forecasting water consumption on transboundary water resources for water resource management using the feed-forward neural network: a case study of the Nile River in Egypt and Kenya

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