Kwashiorkor in Chicago

Berkelhamer, Jay E.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120470080030

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

1975

DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120470080030

|View full text |Cite

Kwashiorkor in Chicago

Jay E. Berkelhamer¹

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...

Citation Types

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Year Published

1979

2001

Publication Types

Select...

Article5

Relationship

Self Cite0

Independent5

Authors

Journals

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As a result, nutritional ignorance rather than simple food deprivation is involved in a significant proportion of reported cases of severe undernutrition in the United States. [3][4][5] By providing regular screening, nutritional education, and supplemental nutrition, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children has successfully reduced the prevalence of undernutrition. 6 US physicians may now be unfamiliar with the clinical features of specific nutritional deficiencies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Severe Nutritional Deficiencies in Toddlers Resulting From Health Food Milk Alternatives

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is widely appreciated that health food beverages are not appropriate for infants. Because of continued growth, children beyond infancy remain susceptible to nutritional disorders. We report on 2 cases of severe nutritional deficiency caused by consumption of health food beverages. In both cases, the parents were well-educated, appeared conscientious, and their children received regular medical care. Diagnoses were delayed by a low index of suspicion. In addition, nutritional deficiencies are uncommon in the United States and as a result, US physicians may be unfamiliar with their clinical features. Case 1, a 22-month-old male child, was admitted with severe kwashiorkor. He was breastfed until 13 months of age. Because of a history of chronic eczema and perceived milk intolerance, he was started on a rice beverage after weaning. On average, he consumed 1.5 L of this drink daily. Intake of solid foods was very poor. As this rice beverage, which was fallaciously referred to as rice milk, is extremely low in protein content, the resulting daily protein intake of 0.3 g/kg/day was only 25% of the recommended dietary allowance. In contrast, caloric intake was 72% of the recommended energy intake, so the dietary protein to energy ratio was very low. A photograph of the patient after admission illustrates the typical features of kwashiorkor: generalized edema, hyperpigmented and hypopigmented skin lesions, abdominal distention, irritability, and thin, sparse hair. Because of fluid retention, the weight was on the 10th percentile and he had a rotund sugar baby appearance. Laboratory evaluation was remarkable for a serum albumin of 1.0 g/dL (10 g/L), urea nitrogen <0.5 mg/dL (<0.2 mmol/L), and a normocytic anemia with marked anisocytosis. Evaluation for other causes of hypoalbuminemia was negative. Therapy for kwashiorkor was instituted, including gradual refeeding, initially via a nasogastric tube because of severe anorexia. Supplements of potassium, phosphorus, multivitamins, zinc, and folic acid were provided. The patient responded dramatically to refeeding with a rising serum albumin and total resolution of the edema within 3 weeks. At follow-up 1 year later he continued to do well on a regular diet supplemented with a milk-based pediatric nutritional supplement. The mortality of kwashiorkor remains high, because of complications such as infection (kwashiorkor impairs cellular immune defenses) and electrolyte imbalances with ongoing diarrhea. Children in industrialized countries have developed kwashiorkor resulting from the use of a nondairy creamer as a milk alternative, but we were unable to find previous reports of kwashiorkor caused by a health food milk alternative. We suspect that cases have been overlooked. Case 2, a 17-month-old black male, was diagnosed with rickets. He was full-term at birth and was breastfed until 10 months of age, when he was weaned to a soy health food beverage, which was not fortified with vitamin D or calcium. Intake of solid foods was good, but included no animal products. Total daily...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the relative rarity of these conditions is a welcome situation, these conditions are not yet extinct in our society. [3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] A heightened level of vigilance is required so that nutritional deficiency, which may result in severe lifethreatening complications, is not overlooked.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Nutritional Deficiencies in Toddlers Resulting From Health Food Milk Alternatives

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although it occurs infrequently in the developed world, kwashiorkor is the most common form of undernutrition affecting hospitalized patients in the United States ( 1–3). In addition, it has occasionally been reported as a cause of disease in children from impoverished ( 4–7) and non‐impoverished ( 8–14) American communities. A clinical description of kwashiorkor was first provided by Cicely Williams in 1933 ( 15), and subsequently many others have published their observations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatosis in a Child with Kwashiorkor Secondary to Food Aversion

Eastlack

Grande

Levy

et al. 1999

Pediatric Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kwashiorkor is a common affliction of children worldwide. It occurs less often in developed countries, but has been reported under a variety of circumstances, including poverty, neurologic disease, and malabsorption. Because of its rare occurrence in the United States and because the affected child has an edematous rather than wasted appearance, physicians often do not consider it as a diagnostic entity. This article describes a case of kwashiorkor in a child with food aversion that manifested as "flaky paint dermatitis." Our discussion will attempt to delineate underlying conditions that may predispose to kwashiorkor. In addition, biochemical and cellular etiologic factors that may be linked with classical and nonclassical skin findings of kwashiorkor are considered. Finally, we present a differential diagnosis for any child with a generalized eczematous or desquamative rash. Our aim is to increase the ability of health care providers to identify and treat children with kwashiorkor in a timely manner.

show abstract

Multiple Nutritional Deficiencies in Infants From a Strict Vegetarian Community

Zmora¹,

Gorodischer²,

Bar‐Ziv³

1979

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.

Contact Info

customersupport@researchsolutions.com

10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614

Henderson, NV 89052, USA

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Blog Terms and Conditions API Terms Privacy Policy Contact Cookie Preferences Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information

Made with 💙 for researchers

Part of the Research Solutions Family.

Kwashiorkor in Chicago

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Severe Nutritional Deficiencies in Toddlers Resulting From Health Food Milk Alternatives

Severe Nutritional Deficiencies in Toddlers Resulting From Health Food Milk Alternatives

Dermatosis in a Child with Kwashiorkor Secondary to Food Aversion

Multiple Nutritional Deficiencies in Infants From a Strict Vegetarian Community

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About