Kynch Theory of Sedimentation

Concha, A Fernando

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02484-4_5

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The settling ability of the suspensions after performing the hybrid processes was analyzed using the Kynch standard batch-settling test [23]. The principle of the Kynch The settling ability of the suspensions after performing the hybrid processes was analyzed using the Kynch standard batch-settling test [23]. The principle of the Kynch method is based on the sedimentation of the suspension in a graduated cylinder (beaker), with reading of the height of the precipitated sediment column at certain time intervals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonically Assisted Electrocoagulation Combined with Zeolite in Compost Wastewater Treatment

Svilović,

Vukojević Medvidović,

Vrsalović

et al. 2024

Processes

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In this paper, the possibility of combining electrocoagulation (EC), ultrasound, and the addition of zeolite for wastewater treatment was investigated for the first time. The following combinations of hybrid processes were tested: electrocoagulation with zeolite (ECZ), simultaneous electrocoagulation with zeolite and ultrasound (ECZ+US), and two-stage electrocoagulation with zeolite and ultrasound (US+Z - EC), carried out with three different electrode materials. The results show that the simultaneous assistance of ultrasound in the ECZ leads to a lower increase in pH, while the temperature increase is higher. Regarding the COD, the assistance of ultrasound is only useful for Zn electrodes in the two-stage US+Z - EC, while the reduction in voltage consumption occurs for Fe and Al electrodes. Ultrasonic assistance caused more damage to the anodes, but anode consumption was reduced for Al and Zn electrodes. The total amount of zeolite that can be recovered is between 55–97%, and recovery is higher in systems with higher turbidity reduction. Good settling ability is only achieved with Al and Fe electrodes in simultaneous performance. Taguchi’s orthogonal L9 array design was applied to analyze the effects of electrode material, process type, mixing speed, and time duration on COD decrease, settling velocity, electrode, and voltage consumption. The results show that the use of ultrasound does not contribute to the desired result and generally only has a favorable effect on voltage and electrode consumption, while it has no positive effect on settling ability or COD decrease. Furthermore, although longer times and higher mixing speeds negatively impact cost due to voltage and electrode consumption, it is advisable not to choose the shortest duration and lowest speed to obtain adequate wastewater treatment quality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonically Assisted Electrocoagulation Combined with Zeolite in Compost Wastewater Treatment

Svilović,

Vukojević Medvidović,

Vrsalović

et al. 2024

Processes

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“…Measurements were performed at 14 time intervals (t): 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 120 min. We assumed dispersed settling occurred throughout the whole settling process according to Kynch's theory [37]. However, we observed that it was difficult to clearly identify the floc phase-clarified phase interface, especially during the first few minutes (see Section S2 of the Supplementary Material), so hindered settling may have occurred in some areas of the column [38][39][40].…”

Section: Settling Of Freshly Formed Flocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settling of Iron and Aluminum Particles in Acid Solutions for Acid Drainage Remediation

Guerra

Valenzuela

Rámila³

et al. 2022

Water

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Mineral processing is intensive in water usage. Unfortunately, a large portion of this valuable asset is contaminated by toxic species that leach from tailings or mineral ore, leading to the formation of acid drainage. Water from acid drainages can still be recovered by passive environmentally friendly treatments. An underestimated passive treatment is the settling of harmful metals, such as iron and aluminum. In this sense, floc settling from acid drainage has not been well studied. The objective of this work is to research the phenomena governing iron and aluminum floc settling in acid drainage, particularly, the chemical conditions that promote settling. The settling velocity of iron and aluminum flocs was studied in a column at different pH and iron/aluminum concentrations. Stability was studied through zeta potential. According to the results, iron flocs settle faster than aluminum and aluminum+iron (mixed) flocs, and a lower pH promotes a higher settling velocity and greater floc stability, which a lower zeta potential (which favors aggregation) allows for. The results improve the understanding of the interactions between the chemical and physical processes involved in floc settling, which, in turn, can improve the optimization of water treatment design. Future experiments must include particle size distribution, floc porosity, and effective particle density of iron and/or aluminum particles in acid waters.

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“…[24][25][26][27] Kynch theory introduced an empirical relationship between settling velocity and particle concentration where settling velocity at any point in the suspension column depends on the local concentration of particles. 6,28,29 The settling velocity of the particles is expressed in terms of Kynch batch flux density function, f ϕ ð Þ, as shown below:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study and modeling of hindered one dimensional settling of spherical trifluroethyl methacrylate based polymer particles

Reghu

Butcher

Lin

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Determining the settling behavior of trifluroethyl methacrylate based spherical polymer particles is important in identifying its efficacy as quality control materials in flow cytometry-based hematology instruments. Settling properties of these polymer particles like settling rate, critical height of the sediment and resuspension time interval changes with particle size, concentration and sample volume. In this study, one dimensional settling of monodispersed polymer spherical particles in water was performed using a Turbiscan Lab spectrophotometer. An empirical settling model based on Richardson and Zaki's analysis for hindered settling was used to determine the different settling properties associated with these polymer particle suspensions. The different settling properties were also determined in terms of particle size, concentration, and sample volume. In summary, the time interval where an external force is applied to effectively resuspend the particles is shorter for larger particles and longer for larger sample volumes and concentrations.

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Kynch Theory of Sedimentation

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Ultrasonically Assisted Electrocoagulation Combined with Zeolite in Compost Wastewater Treatment

Ultrasonically Assisted Electrocoagulation Combined with Zeolite in Compost Wastewater Treatment

Settling of Iron and Aluminum Particles in Acid Solutions for Acid Drainage Remediation

Experimental study and modeling of hindered one dimensional settling of spherical trifluroethyl methacrylate based polymer particles

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