Kynurenine diminishes the ischemia-induced histological and electrophysiological deficits in the rat hippocampus

Mitochondrial disturbances, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and kynurenines: Novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders

“…Probably because of its vasoactive properties, it exhibits protective effects in unilateral carotid ligation (rats: [53]; rabbits: [54]), transient bilateral carotid occlusion (Mongolian gerbils: [55]) and permanent unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (mice: [55]) models of cerebral ischemia. The potential of L-KYN to exert beneficial effects can be enhanced by the administration of the organic acid transporter inhibitor probenecid in the above-mentioned [53,55] and the four-vessel occlusion (rats: [56,57]) models of cerebral ischemia. The explanation of this enhancing effect may be the fact that L-KYN administration is capable of elevating the brain KYNA level, the clearance of which can be inhibited by probenecid [58], and at an elevated level it can exert its neuroprotective actions.…”

Excitotoxic Mechanisms in Non-Motor Dysfunctions and Levodopa- Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of the Interaction Between the Dopaminergic and the Kynurenine System

“…The complex modes of actions suggest that KYNA has an important neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system and it is involved in the regulation of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission ( Table 2. ). [52][53][54][55] . On the other hand, QUIN is a neurotoxic compound which exerts its deteriorating effect mainly via NMDA agonism, but also contributes to the generation of free radicals, promotes lipid peroxidation and decreases antioxidant capacity [56][57][58][59][60] .…”

Fundamental interstrain differences in cortical activity between Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats during global ischemia

“…The four-vessel occlusion (4VO) procedure was based on the method of Pulsinelli and Brierley (1979) as adopted by our laboratory (Sas et al, 2008;Gellert et al, 2011). Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia (60 mg/kg, i.p.…”

“…After preparation of the skull for the extradural spontaneous electrocorticogram (ECoG) baseline recording, the CCAs were clamped with non-traumatic aneurysm clips (Aesculap, B. Braun Medical Ltd., Hungary) for 10 min. Twelve Wistar rats destined for histology did not receive pentobarbital, but slight ether anesthesia during the 4VO (as is common for this strain in 4VO ischemia; Sas et al, 2008). In order to rule out the putative neuroprotective effects of pentobarbital anesthesia in our 4VO model, 3 Wistar rats underwent pentobarbital anesthesia during 4VO, too.…”