Kyphoplastie – Vertebroplastie – Vertebral-Body-Stenting-System-Stentoplastie

Littwin, Timm; Schmid, Stefan; Eder, Christian; Mayr, Edgar

doi:10.1055/s-0042-123091

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…156 In a qualitative study the author conducted with 53 consumer debtor attorneys, many explained that their clients had difficulty obtaining the documentation and that the attorneys had to follow up multiple times. 157 The required credit counselling and financial management courses 158 are now affordably priced and quick to complete, 159 but attorneys who serve vulnerable debtor populations, such as the elderly or those with limited English proficiency, reported that these debtors experienced significant difficulty with the courses, which both created client barriers and took up attorney time. 160 In addition, attorneys usually provided these courses on computers in their offices, which meant that they had to pay for additional computers and office space.…”

Section: Simplification Within the Legal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…157 The required credit counselling and financial management courses 158 are now affordably priced and quick to complete, 159 but attorneys who serve vulnerable debtor populations, such as the elderly or those with limited English proficiency, reported that these debtors experienced significant difficulty with the courses, which both created client barriers and took up attorney time. 160 In addition, attorneys usually provided these courses on computers in their offices, which meant that they had to pay for additional computers and office space. 161 The means test itself is complex enough that it took attorneys significantly more time to determine which chapter a client should use than before BAPCPA.…”

Section: Simplification Within the Legal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low‐income, low‐asset debtors in the U.S. bankruptcy system

Littwin

2020

Intl Insolvency Rev

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The United States' bankruptcy system faces a major problem: many consumers are too poor to file for bankruptcy, usually because they cannot afford the necessary attorney fees. Some consumers appear to spend months trying to save the funds to pay their attorneys, thus either delaying their bankruptcies or foregoing bankruptcy altogether when they fail to save enough money. Others file for repayment bankruptcy in order to pay attorney fees during the case, when liquidation bankruptcy is usually a better fit for consumers with low incomes and low asset levels. The most recent comprehensive bankruptcy reform, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA), exacerbated these problems by implementing additional procedural requirements that resulted in attorneys raising their fees. These problems have led to calls for administrative bankruptcy, especially for low‐income, low‐asset (LILA)/no‐income, no‐asset (NINA) debtors. Administrative bankruptcy would make bankruptcy more accessible by lowering access costs, for example, by eliminating the need for consumers to hire attorneys. Administrative programs in the United States, however, have a history of long‐term decline, especially when these programs serve low‐income people. It has become a cliché that poor people's programs become poor programs. A better solution would be to eliminate the procedural requirements imposed by BAPCPA and simplify the decision consumers must make about which type of bankruptcy to use.

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Section: Simplification Within the Legal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simplification Within the Legal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%