Kyphosis and Kyphoscoliosis Associated with Congenital Malformations of the Thoracic Vertebral Bodies in Dogs

Dewey, Curtis W.; Davies, Emma; Bouma, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.10.009

Cited by 42 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although a previous study, including pugs of similar age as in the present study, could not confirm an association between CVMs and neurological signs, it has been suggested that some CVMs in pugs are indeed clinically significant . Vertebral malformations, congenital or potentially acquired, may inflict direct spinal cord trauma by chronic micromotion as a consequence of vertebral canal stenosis or instability, or indirect trauma by negatively interfering with its vascular supply and thereby limiting its resistance to injury . Spinal cord dynamic compression occurs in pugs with SAD and repetitive spinal cord injury could be a potential cause of thoracolumbar SADs .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Thoracolumbar meningeal fibrosis in pugs

Rohdin

Ljungvall

Häggström

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Thoracolumbar myelopathies associated with spinal cord and vertebral column lesions, with a similar clinical phenotype, but different underlying etiologies, occur in pugs. Objectives To further characterize the clinical and neuropathological characteristics of pugs with longstanding thoracolumbar myelopathy. Animals Thirty client‐owned pure‐bred pugs with a history of more than a month of ataxia and paresis of the pelvic limbs, suggesting a myelopathy localized to the thoracolumbar spinal cord, were included in the study. Methods Prospective clinicopathological study. Included pugs underwent a complete neurological examination and gross and histopathologic postmortem studies with focus on the spinal cord. Computed tomography (n = 18), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 17), and cerebrospinal fluid analysis (n = 27) were performed before or immediately after death. Results Twenty male and 10 female pugs had a median age at clinical onset of 84 months (interquartile range, 66‐96). Affected pugs presented with a progressive clinical course and 80% were incontinent. There was circumferential meningeal fibrosis with concomitant focal, malacic, destruction of the neuroparenchyma in the thoracolumbar spinal cord in 24/30 pugs. Vertebral lesions accompanied the focal spinal cord lesion, and there was lympho‐histiocytic inflammation associated or not to the parenchymal lesion in 43% of the pugs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Meningeal fibrosis with associated focal spinal cord destruction and neighboring vertebral column lesions were common findings in pugs with long‐standing thoracolumbar myelopathy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Thoracolumbar meningeal fibrosis in pugs

Rohdin

Ljungvall

Häggström

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Malformations of the vertebral column causing kyphosis have been proposed to cause secondary neurologic dysfunction due to compression of the spinal cord, instability leading to repetitive dynamic damage of the spinal cord, or a combination of both …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dorsal curvature of the spine can cause vertebral canal stenosis, with compression of the spinal cord and/or instability. When they are combined, these abnormalities cause repetitive, dynamic damage of the spinal cord . This condition is most prevalent in small dogs, specifically, corkscrew tailed dogs (pug, English bulldog, French bulldog, Boston terrier) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ventral stabilization of thoracic kyphosis through bilateral intercostal thoracotomies using SOP (String of Pearls) plates contoured after a 3‐dimensional print of the spine

et al. 2018

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“…Due to the brachycephalic and chondrodystrophic body conformation resulting from selective inbreeding, a high prevalence of various diseases has been described in this breed, including several neurological conditions [5]. These include not only myelopathies such as compressive vertebral malformations [6], spinal arachnoid diverticula [7] and intervertebral disc disease [8], but also encephalopathies such as brain tumours [9] or non-infectious encephalitides [10]. To the authors’ knowledge, no study has yet reported the prevalences and distributions of different neurological disorders in FB or has described a specific neurological condition in this emerging breed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of neurological disorders in French bulldog: a retrospective study of 343 cases (2002–2016)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundFrench Bulldog (FB) has significantly gained in popularity over the last few years, and seems to be frequently affected by various neurological conditions. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the prevalences of neurological diseases in a large population of FB, presented with neurological signs between 2002 and 2016, and for which a definitive diagnosis was established. A secondary objective was to identify epidemiological characteristics regarding specific diseases in this singular breed.ResultsDuring the study period, 533 FBs were presented for neurological signs, representing 18.7% of all admitted FBs (N = 2846). In total, 343 FBs with definitive diagnosis were included in this descriptive epidemiological study. Hansen type I intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH) was by far the most common neurological disorder (45.5% of all cases). The IVDH location was cervical in 39.8%, and thoracolumbar in 60.2% of cases. The median ages for cervical and thoracolumbar IVDH were 4.2 and 4 years, respectively. C3-C4 was the most commonly affected disk (57.8% of cervical IDVH) all locations combined. Spinal arachnoid diverticulum (SAD) was detected in 25 FBs, representing the second most common myelopathy (11.3%). A concurrent spinal abnormality was identified in 64.0% of SAD cases. Brain tumours represented 36.8% of encephalopathies, with glioma (confirmed or suspected) being the most common. Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) represented 25.0% of brain disorders, females less than 5.5 years being more likely to be affected. Aside from central nervous system conditions, otitis interna associated with peripheral vestibular signs and bilateral congenital deafness (associated with white coat) were also common.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that FB seems to be prone to several neurological diseases. IVDH is clearly predominant in FB and cervical location seems more represented than in other breeds. FBs affected by IVDH tend to be younger than previously described, either for both cervical and thoracolumbar locations. Thoracic SAD was the second most common myelopathy, with a concurrent spinal anomaly identified in two thirds of the cases. MUO was more likely to affect young to middle-aged females. These findings could be of interest for owners, breeders, practicing veterinarians and insurance companies.

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Kyphosis and Kyphoscoliosis Associated with Congenital Malformations of the Thoracic Vertebral Bodies in Dogs

Cited by 42 publications

References 13 publications

Thoracolumbar meningeal fibrosis in pugs

Thoracolumbar meningeal fibrosis in pugs

Ventral stabilization of thoracic kyphosis through bilateral intercostal thoracotomies using SOP (String of Pearls) plates contoured after a 3‐dimensional print of the spine

Prevalence of neurological disorders in French bulldog: a retrospective study of 343 cases (2002–2016)

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