Abstract-Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] causes endothelial-dependent vasodilation mediated, in part, by NO release.However, the molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation by Ang-(1-7) remain unknown. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with Mas cDNA (Chinese hamster ovary-Mas), we evaluated the underlying mechanisms related to receptor Mas-mediated posttranslational eNOS activation and NO release. We further examined the Ang-(1-7) profile of eNOS activation in human aortic endothelial cells, which constitutively express the Mas receptor. Chinese hamster ovary-Mas cells and human aortic endothelial cell were stimulated with Ang-(1-7; 10 Ϫ7 mol/L; 1 to 30 minutes) in the absence or presence of A-779 (10 Ϫ6 mol/L). Additional experiments were performed in the presence of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin (10 Ϫ6 mol/L). Changes in eNOS (at Ser1177/Thr495 residues) and Akt phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blotting. NO release was measured using both the fluorochrome 2,3-diaminonaphthalene and an NO analyzer. Ang-(1-7) significantly stimulated eNOS activation (reciprocal phosphorylation/dephosphorylation at Ser1177/Thr495) and induced a sustained Akt phosphorylation (PϽ0.05). Concomitantly, a significant increase in NO release was observed (2-fold increase in relation to control). These effects were blocked by A-779. Wortmannin suppressed eNOS activation in both Chinese hamster ovary-Mas and human aortic endothelial cells. Our findings demonstrate that Ang-(1-7), through Mas, stimulates eNOS activation and NO production via Akt-dependent pathways. These novel data highlight the importance of the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis as a putative regulator of endothelial function. T he renin-angiotensin system is a crucial regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis. Most physiological effects of angiotensin (Ang) II are mediated via Ang II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptors (AT 1 R), with Ang II type 2 (AT 2 ) receptors (AT 2 R) counteracting AT 1 R actions. 1 Growing evidence indicates that the Ang peptide Ang-(1-7) plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin system. 2 This heptapeptide is formed by Ang-converting enzyme-dependent and Ang-converting enzyme-independent pathways. Much attention has been given recently to its formation through hydrolysis of Ang II by the ectoenzyme Ang-converting enzyme 2, which is present in many organs. 3 Ang-(1-7) opposes many Ang II-stimulated actions. Ang-(1-7), acting through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Mas, releases NO and prostaglandins causing vasodilation, inhibition of cell growth, and opposition of AT 1 R-mediated Ang II vasoconstrictor and proliferative effects. 2 Overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system, as observed in cardiovascular diseases, and the lack of balance among its peptides may reduce NO bioavailability leading to endothelial dysfunction. 4,5 NO plays a critical role in endothelial function, maintaining vasodilator tone, inhibiting platelet aggregation and adhesion, and modulating vascular smooth ...