L’âge d’or de l’aristocratie celtique, IV<sup>e</sup>et III<sup>e</sup>siècles av. J.-C.

Büchsenschütz, Olivier; Gruel, Katherine; Lejars, Thierry

doi:10.1017/s039526490001012x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The management of the relations between these different groups was made possible by a more stratified organization of society, with a rural aristocracy that asserted its power, particularly by seeking control over the means of production (Brun 2001; 2007, 384; Buchsenschutz et al . 2012, 324; Colin and Verdin 2013, 240–3; Mennessier‐Jouannet 2013, 371).…”

Section: The Mines As Indicators Of Deeper Socio‐economic Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sustained relations identified between the members of the La Tene aristocracy throughout Europe, which contributed to the very rapid adoption of technical or artistic innovations over long distances (Buchsenschutz et al . 2012, 300–1), certainly favoured economic exchanges. At the same time, in the Mediterranean area, the fourth and third centuries were marked by a clear increase in trade, well identified among the classical Greek cities (Ober 2010).…”

Section: The Mines As Indicators Of Deeper Socio‐economic Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth and third centuries BC represent a period of significant change in Celtic Europe, which is the subject of renewed research attention (Brun 2007; Buchsenschutz et al . 2012; Marion 2013). The third century in particular has been identified as a major stage of economic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mining in South‐west Gaul at the Crossroads of the Celtic and Mediterranean Worlds. The Case of the Mining Area of the Arize Mountains (Central Pyrenees) During the Fourth and Third Centuries Bc

Meunier

Luaces

2021

Oxford J Archaeology

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This paper presents new data about the silver-bearing copper mining area of the Arize (Central Pyrenees) during the fourth and third centuries BC. The identification of amphorae sherds from Magna Graecia and the Strait of Gibraltar region sheds new light on this metal production and confirms a systematic exploration of the ores before the end of the third century BC. At a regional scale, the existence of several mines operating between the fourth and third centuries BC also suggests a production that exceeded the local needs. Parallels can be drawn between this important raw metal production and the socio-economic changes observed in Celtic Europe in the same period. We also point out the need for further in-depth study of the economic situation of this region, lying at a crossroads between the Celtic and Mediterranean worlds. 1The term 'district' is used here with the meaning of a group of mines located in the same circumscribed area, with no assumption of their administrative composition.

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Section: The Mines As Indicators Of Deeper Socio‐economic Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Mines As Indicators Of Deeper Socio‐economic Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mining in South‐west Gaul at the Crossroads of the Celtic and Mediterranean Worlds. The Case of the Mining Area of the Arize Mountains (Central Pyrenees) During the Fourth and Third Centuries Bc

Meunier

Luaces

2021

Oxford J Archaeology

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“…7) entre des entités politiques de type chefferies complexes, puis des chefferies simples politiquement autonomes jusqu'à une intégration politique de type état archaïque. Cette évolution des formes d'organisation socio-politiques n'implique pas, comme nous le verrons, une perte de technicité ni même un déclin des formes d'innovation, bien au contraire (Buchsenschutz et al, 2012). En métallurgie du fer, cette période voit l'adoption progressive des techniques sidérurgiques sur les territoires étudiés, puis une série d'innovations majeures dans les techniques de production.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Changements sociétaux et évolution de l'économie du fer du Hallstatt D à La Tène D dans le Nord-Est de la France

Berranger¹,

Bauvais²

2020

bspf

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Les âges du Fer en Europe nord-occidentale voient la diffusion et l’adoption progressive du fer, puis une succession d’innovations majeures dans les techniques de sa production. Les procédés de fabrication d’objet se démocratisent, tandis que la consommation des objets s’intensifie et gagne l’ensemble des strates sociales. La maîtrise des productions métallurgiques est considérée de manière récurrente comme un des moteurs de l’émergence des centres de pouvoirs. Nous proposons d’analyser ce postulat à l’aune d’un bilan renouvelé de nos connaissances sur la métallurgie du fer en prenant en compte un large espace correspondant au Nord-Est de la France actuelle. Cela inclut les zones où se manifestent de manière ostentatoire les élites du premier et du début du second âge du Fer, puis l’armement et l’art celtique florissant de La Tène moyenne. Pour la fin de l’âge du Fer, cet espace est également caractérisé par l’émergence de nouvelles formes de manifestations urbaines. À travers une grille de lecture structurée, composée de critères descriptifs issus de la littérature (Brun et al., 2006 ; Roux, 2000 ; Costin, 1991), nous proposons d’étudier les formes d’organisation des productions sidérurgiques et leur évolution au cours des âges du Fer. Il est ainsi possible de constater les trajectoires différentes suivies par les activités de réduction et de forgeage tout au long de cette période. Elles se développent durant le Hallstatt D – La Tène A sous contrôle des élites. Cela mobilise, pour les activités de production de fer brut des savoir-faire simples, alors que les productions en forge documentent au contraire la maîtrise de techniques complexes évoquant un art de cours. À la fin des âges du Fer, les élites conservent leur emprise sur les moyens de production de centres de réduction fortement structurés, alors qu’à l’inverse, en forge, l’élargissement de la gamme des savoir-faire et la multiplicité des modes d’organisation permettent de reconnaître un artisanat maître de ses débouchés.

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“… 8 See e.g. Buchsenschutz et al 2012 for a non-Hellenocentric treatment of Celtic cultures in the fourth and third centuries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Middle Republican Connectivities

Peralta

Bernard

2022

J. Rom. Stud.

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This paper outlines a new framework for the historical study of Rome and Italy during the middle republican period. We argue that traditional approaches centred upon social struggles at home and battles abroad, res domi militiaeque, do not sufficiently capture the dynamism of Roman society during the early stages of imperial expansion. Recent scholarship has been rightly critical of the appropriateness of applying concepts of Hellenisation to the period, as Rome's interactions with Magna Graecia and the Greek East in the fourth and third centuries look very different than they would in subsequent centuries. Moving in a new direction, we sketch the contours of an approach that foregrounds the many connectivities (temporal, geographical, methodological, historical) apparent from the interdisciplinary study of middle republican Rome and Italy. The result encourages a new mode of historical inquiry into the development of middle republican Rome and Italy, one which sees Rome already in this moment as both expansively interconnected with and actively involved in wider Mediterranean and Eurasian history.

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L’âge d’or de l’aristocratie celtique, IV^eet III^esiècles av. J.-C.

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Mining in South‐west Gaul at the Crossroads of the Celtic and Mediterranean Worlds. The Case of the Mining Area of the Arize Mountains (Central Pyrenees) During the Fourth and Third Centuries Bc

Mining in South‐west Gaul at the Crossroads of the Celtic and Mediterranean Worlds. The Case of the Mining Area of the Arize Mountains (Central Pyrenees) During the Fourth and Third Centuries Bc

Changements sociétaux et évolution de l'économie du fer du Hallstatt D à La Tène D dans le Nord-Est de la France

Middle Republican Connectivities

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L’âge d’or de l’aristocratie celtique, IVeet IIIesiècles av. J.-C.

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Mining in South‐west Gaul at the Crossroads of the Celtic and Mediterranean Worlds. The Case of the Mining Area of the Arize Mountains (Central Pyrenees) During the Fourth and Third Centuries Bc

Mining in South‐west Gaul at the Crossroads of the Celtic and Mediterranean Worlds. The Case of the Mining Area of the Arize Mountains (Central Pyrenees) During the Fourth and Third Centuries Bc

Changements sociétaux et évolution de l'économie du fer du Hallstatt D à La Tène D dans le Nord-Est de la France

Middle Republican Connectivities

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Product

Resources

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L’âge d’or de l’aristocratie celtique, IV^eet III^esiècles av. J.-C.