L’allergie aux alliages dentaires non précieux : données de la littérature et solutions actuelles

Abstract

MOTS-CLEFS : CLASSIFICATION, INDICATIONS ET COMPOSITIONS DES ALLIAGES DENTAIRES NON PRÉCIEUXLes alliages dentaires « base métal » ou alliages non pré-cieux comprennent moins de 25 % en poids de métaux nobles. Il n'existe aucune classification officielle. En France, la classification utilisée reprend celle des normes internationales (NF EN ISO 1562, 8891 et 9693).On peut distinguer 5 grandes familles :Alliages à base nickel (NiCr, NiCrBe, NiCrMo) ou « superalliages » Interdits dans certains pays européens, ils sont remis en cause par leur toxicité, le potentiel allergisant du nickel avec des inquiétudes sur leur biocompatibilité.Alliages à base cobalt (CoCr, CoCrMo, CoCrW, CoCrNiMo) ou « stellite »

Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Different Metallic Brackets: An In Vitro Study

“…However, the presence of nickel in SS a and its release in vivo [ 4 ] can cause reactions ranging from allergy to cytotoxicity [ 5 ]. In Europe, this sensitivity to nickel is more frequent in women (10 to 15%) than in men (1 to 3%) [ 6 ]. The allergic response to nickel is independent of the amount of metal, but it seems to be caused more by skin contact than intraoral contact [ 7 ].…”

Corrosion Behavior in a Neutral Artificial Saliva of Several Binary Co-Cr Alloys with Various Chromium Contents

“…Many of them are based on nickel and contain significant quantities of chromium for resisting corrosion in clinic situation. Unfortunately they may potentially induce allergic phenomena [2]. Other "Predominantly Base" alloys also exist with not so serious problems: some alloys based on cobalt [3].…”