Territorial behavior in a natural human groupThe widespread incidence of territorial defense behavior in Homo sapiens is well established, but arguments as to whether humans are territorial by nature or by culture are still raging (Mazur, 1973;Tiger and Fox, 1971;Vine, 1973; Van den Berghe, 1974). Proponents of the biological interpretation of human territoriality point to the universality of the phenomenon in human societies. Advocates of the cultural thesis stress the diversity of specific expressions of territorial behavior in various cultures. Increasingly, the debate seems to be based on a false dichotomy. The more biologists learn about ecology and ethology, the more territoriality appears to be the result of both genetic and environmental factors. That is, the same species may exhibit different degrees and kinds of territorial behavior, depending on population density, terrain, spatial distribution of food resources, stages of the life cycle, and a multiplicity of other factors ; yet, some species are clearly more territorial than others. Presumably, then, territorial behavior is the product of both genetic programming and a multiplicity of ecological, social, and, in the case of Homo sapiens, cultural factors (Crook