L-carnitine and Acetyl-L Carnitine: A Possibility for Treating Alterations Induced by Obesity in the Central Nervous System

Silva, Larissa Espindola da; Oliveira, Mariana Pacheco de; Silva, Mariella Reinol da; Abel, Jéssica da Silva; Tartari, Gisele; Costa, Maiara de Aguiar da; Gonçalves, Cinara L.; Rezin, Gislaine T.

doi:10.1007/s11064-023-04000-z

Neurochem Res

2023

DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04000-z

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L-carnitine and Acetyl-L Carnitine: A Possibility for Treating Alterations Induced by Obesity in the Central Nervous System

Larissa Espindola da Silva

Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira

Mariella Reinol da Silva

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 4 publications

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Posttraumatic stress disorder and metabolic syndrome: the role of some biofactors in treatment

Serhiyenko,

Oliinyk,

Pavlovskiy

et al. 2024

INJ

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are often comorbidities and share neurobiological and clinical features. In particular, the results of meta-analyses indicate a higher prevalence of MetS in patients with PTSD compared to the general population. At the same time, PTSD is also a known risk factor for MetS. The involvement of common pathogenetic mechanisms characteristic of both conditions partially explains this coincidence. Insufficient intake and deficiency of certain biofactors, especially micronutrients (vitamins and essential minerals), are associated with an increased risk of MetS, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases, and maintaining their physiological content in the body reduces this risk. Taking nutritional supplements with certain biofactors may help as an adjunct to conventional therapy to prevent and treat PTSD and, more often than not, MetS at the same time. This is because both conditions are linked to deficiencies in a number of biofactors. This review aims to discuss the role of several biofactors, including α-lipoic acid, vitamin B1/benfotiamine, L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, quercetin, magnesium, vitamins D and E, polyphenols, in the prevention and treatment of PTSD and MetS comorbidity, as well as to analyze new trends and future research directions. We conducted the search in databases such as Scopus, Science Direct (from Elsevier), PubMed, and MEDLINE. The keywords used were “post-traumatic stress disorder”, “metabolic syndrome”, and “biofactors”. We manually searched the bibliography of publications to identify research results that were not found during the online search.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder and metabolic syndrome: the role of some biofactors in treatment

Serhiyenko,

Oliinyk,

Pavlovskiy

et al. 2024

INJ

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Acetyl-L-carnitine diminishes the effects of chronic ethanol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cortex of rat brain

ER,

GORGULU,

GEMICI SINEN

et al. 2024

IJCESEN

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Chronic alcohol consumption is one of the most important problems of our time. Many diseases, such as liver diseases and infectious diseases, are seen in humans due to chronic alcohol consumption. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), an antioxidant molecule, has been found to be neuroprotective. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of ALCAR on endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat cerebral cortex in a chronic alcoholism model. Four groups consisting of 10 three-month-old albino Wistar rats were randomly created. The groups were designated as control (C), chronic ethanol (EtOH), acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), and chronic ethanol+ALCAR (EtOH+ALCAR). During a 4-week period, the rats were given either distilled water, ethanol, ALCAR, or a combination of ethanol and ALCAR orally. After a duration of 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and the entire brain tissues were removed and preserved in formalin fixative for further embedding in paraffin. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (GRP78, CHOP, and XBP1) were analyzed by the immunohistochemical method in rat brain cortex sections. Our results showed that GRP78, CHOP, and XBP1 expressions increased in the EtOH group compared to the control group, whereas they decreased in the EtOH+ALCAR group compared to the EtOH group. In conclusion, our study showed that ALCAR administration decreased the increase in ER stress caused by chronic ethanol exposure. Accordingly, ALCAR supplementation may be beneficial for ER stress-related diseases.

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Correction of manifestations of psychoemotional stress in students: meditative techniques in combination with pharmacological support in the martial art of ju-jutsu

Orlov,

Gunina,

Vysochina

2024

PCS

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The goal is to substantiate and experimentally verify the effectiveness of the combined meditative-pharmacological methodology of relieving emotional stress in students of higher education institutions during Ju-jutsu martial arts classes. Methodology: analysis and generalization of educational and methodological literature, systematization of scientific data, generalization of practical experience, comparison of different views on the investigated problem; pedagogical survey for the purpose of studying the level of stress resistance. Scientific novelty. An analysis of modern scientific and scientific-methodological literature was carried out and factors influencing the mental health of students were investigated, in particular, the severity of manifestations of psycho-emotional stress during studies in institutions of higher education, and the negative impact of this phenomenon on the functional state of organs and systems of the body was proven. deterioration of health and quality of life. The expediency of using meditative techniques to reduce the severity of stressful manifestations is shown. For the first time in the practice of martial arts, a combination of meditation was used during the training process of students engaged in the martial art of ju-jutsu to reduce the severity of manifestations of stress, and the use of a special nutritional supplement with a neuroprotective focus "Acetyl-L-carnitine" to correct the manifestations of emotional stress that occurs in students of higher education institutions during their studies. Conclusions. To reduce the manifestations of stress, students use means that not only do not correspond to the prevention of mental health, but also often have a negative effect on it (nicotine, alcohol, drugs, physical and mental overload, etc.). For this purpose, the use of meditative techniques in combination with special neuroprotective agents significantly helps to reduce the severity of manifestations of psychoemotional stress of university students.

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L-carnitine and Acetyl-L Carnitine: A Possibility for Treating Alterations Induced by Obesity in the Central Nervous System

Cited by 4 publications

References 112 publications

Posttraumatic stress disorder and metabolic syndrome: the role of some biofactors in treatment

Posttraumatic stress disorder and metabolic syndrome: the role of some biofactors in treatment

Acetyl-L-carnitine diminishes the effects of chronic ethanol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cortex of rat brain

Correction of manifestations of psychoemotional stress in students: meditative techniques in combination with pharmacological support in the martial art of ju-jutsu

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