l-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial

Malaguarnera, Mariano; Cammalleri, Lisa; Gargante, Maria Pia; Vacante, Marco; Colonna, Valentina; Motta, Massimo

doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1738

Cited by 86 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Spermatogenesis is a highly complex and precise process, which is dependent on well-balanced germ cell proliferation, differentiation, and death in the testis (Malaguarnera et al, 2007). However, this process can be disturbed by CP, which is commonly used in acute regimens for the treatment of various neoplastic diseases and in chronic regimens for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of L-carnitine in cyclophosphamide-induced germ cell apoptosis

Zhu

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used anti-cancer agent; however, it can also induce serious male infertility. There are currently no effective drugs to alleviate this side-effect. L-Carnitine has been used to treat male infertility, but whether it can be used to protect against CP-induced male infertility is still unclear. This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of L-carnitine in male infertility induced by CP. CP was used to establish an animal model. After three weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed and testis and serum were harvested for further evaluation. Testosterone and estrogen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Testicular injury was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining, and germ-cell apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 was examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Compared with the CP group, L-carnitine significantly increases sperm motility, viability, and testosterone level (P<0.05). Western blot and real-time PCR results showed that L-carnitine treatment can significantly up-regulate the LC3-II and Beclin-1 expression in the CP+L-carnitine group when compared with the control group (P<0.05). In addition, TUNEL-positive cells were also more numerous in the CP group; however, L-carnitine can effectively retard cell apoptosis in the CP+ L-carnitine group. In conclusion, L-carnitine contributes to the inhibition of cell apoptosis and the modulation of autophagy in protecting CP-induced testicular injury. These results suggest the applicability of L-carnitine in the treatment of male infertility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of L-carnitine in cyclophosphamide-induced germ cell apoptosis

Zhu

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…By the end of the study the treated group showed significant improvements in physical fatigue, mental fatigue and fatigue severity. They also displayed reductions in total fat mass, increased muscle mass and an increased capacity for physical and cognitive activity through reduced fatigue and improved cognitive function [255]. Other clinical trials on alcoholism, hepatic encephalopathy, coronary heart diseases, Peyronie's disease, cerebral ischemia and infertility indicate that supplementation with LC can have positive effects (reviewed in [254]).…”

Section: L-carnitine (Lc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegenerative and Fatiguing Illnesses, Infections and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Use of Natural Supplements to Improve Mitochondrial Function.

Nicolson

Settineri

Ellithorpe³

2014

FFHD

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Background: Many chronic diseases and illnesses are associated with one or more chronic infections, dysfunction of mitochondria and reduced production of ATP. This results in fatigue and other symptoms that occur in most if not all chronic conditions and diseases.Methods: This is a review of the published literature on chronic infections in neurodegenerative diseases and fatiguing illnesses that are also typified by mitochondrial dysfunction. This contribution also reviews the use of natural supplements to enhance mitochondrial function and reduce the effects of chronic infections to improve overall function in various chronic illnesses.Results: Mitochondrial function can be enhanced by the use of various natural supplements, notably Lipid Replacement Therapy (LRT) using glyerolphospholipids and other mitochondrial supplements. In various chronic illnesses that are characterized by the presence of chronic infections, such as intracellular bacteria (Mycoplasma, Borrelia, Chlamydia and other infections) and viruses, LRT has proven useful in multiple clinical trials. For example, in clinical studies on chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome and other chronic fatiguing illnesses where a large majority of patients have chronic infections, LRT significantly reduced fatigue by 35-43% in different clinical trials and increased mitochondrial function. In clinical trials on patients with multiple intracellular bacterial infections and intractable fatigue LRT plus other mitochondrial supplements significantly decreased fatigue and improved mood and cognition.Conclusions: LRT formulations designed to improve mitochondrial function appear to be useful as non-toxic dietary supplements for reducing fatigue and restoring mitochondrial and other cellular membrane functions in patients with chronic illnesses and multiple chronic infections. BackgroundPatients with chronic neurodegenerative, neurobehavioral and fatiguing illnesses commonly test positive for systemic and central nervous system (CNS) bacterial and viral infections [1][2][3]. In addition, other chronic illnesses where neurological manifestations are routinely found, such as autoimmune diseases and other chronic illnesses and disorders, also show evidence of systemic bacterial and viral infections that could be important in disease inception, progression and/or enhancing the types and severities of signs and symptoms [2,3].Evidence of bacterial infections, such as Mycoplasma species, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Borrelia burgdorferi, among others, and viruses, such as human herpesvirus (HHV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes viruses (HHV) and other viral infections, have revealed high rates of infection in the illnesses listed above that were not found in control populations [1][2][3]. Although the specific roles of chronic infections in various diseases and their pathogeneses have not been carefully determined, the data suggest that chronic bacterial and/or viral infections are common features of essentially all progressive chronic diseases [1][2][3].An...

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“…Prolonged low-dose L-carnitine treatment can improve dialysis-associated muscle symptoms by restoring carnitine tissue levels and washing out acyl moieties [19]. Levocarnitine induced a reduction of total fat mass, increases total muscular mass, and facilitates an increased capacity for physical and cognitive activity by reducing fatigue and improving cognitive function [20].…”

Section: Carnitine Of Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acupuncture on Carnitine for Skeletal Muscle Fatigue

Toda¹

2012

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Skeletal muscle fatigue is a common symptom in various diseases, works and exercises. These were generally induced by neuron, metabolic conditions, overused muscle, and stress. But, there have been few principles about it. Many researchers have reported that acupuncture therapy has been useful to skeletal muscle fatigue on various diseases and conditions. However, it has never been shown why acupuncture therapy has the effect on skeletal muscle fatigue. The deficiency of carnitine induces fatigue, weakness, and disorder of skeletal muscle. It has showed that acupuncture induces the increase of carnitine in skeletal muscle. These findings demonstrated that acupuncture on skeletal muscle fatigue could increase carnitine as a possible affection mechanism.

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l-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial

Abstract: Our study indicates that oral administration of levocarnitine produces a reduction of total fat mass, increases total muscular mass, and facilitates an increased capacity for physical and cognitive activity by reducing fatigue and improving cognitive functions.

Cited by 86 publications

References 32 publications

Protective effect of L-carnitine in cyclophosphamide-induced germ cell apoptosis

Protective effect of L-carnitine in cyclophosphamide-induced germ cell apoptosis

Neurodegenerative and Fatiguing Illnesses, Infections and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Use of Natural Supplements to Improve Mitochondrial Function.

Effect of Acupuncture on Carnitine for Skeletal Muscle Fatigue

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