L-carnosine alters some hemorheologic and lipid peroxidation parameters in nephrectomized rats

Abstract

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem worldwide. Oxidative stress is one of the mediators of this disease. Systemic complications of oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, shortened erythrocyte lifespan, deformability, and nitric oxide (NO) dysfunction. L-carnosine is known as an antioxidant. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of carnosine on hemorheologic and cardiovascular parameters in CKD-induced rats. Material/Methods:We used 4-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Three days after subtotal nephrectomy and sham operations, the surviving rats were divided into the 4 groups; 1) Sham (S), 2) Sham+Carnosine (S-C), 3) Subtotal nephrectomy (Nx), and 4) Subtotal nephrectomy + Carnosine (N-C). Carnosine was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) (50 mg/kg) for 15 days. The control group received the same volume of physiological saline. Results:In CKD rats, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, and NO and RBC deformability were decreased compared to Sham. Carnosine treatment decreased MDA levels, improved RBC (red blood cell) ability to deform, and increased NO levels. However, carnosine did not affect blood pressure levels in these rats. Conclusions:We found that carnosine has beneficial effects on CKD in terms of lipid peroxidation and RBC deformability. Carnosine may have a healing effect in microcirculation level, but may not have any effect on systemic blood pressure in CKD-induced rats.

CNDP1, NOS3, and MnSOD Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Diabetic Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Malaysia

“…Individuals with homozygous or heterozygous allele for more than 5 leucine repeats have reduced serum carnosine concentration [27]. Carnosine ( β -alanyl-L-histidine) has been reported to have served as an oxygen-free radical scavenger [28], natural ACE inhibitor, and cleave advanced glycation end product [29, 30]. These can only be achieved if the concentration level of renal carnosine is sustained at its protective level.…”

Muscle Carnosine Is Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Humans

“…With regards to cardiovascular risk factors, carnosine has been shown to improve lipid metabolism [ 23 , 44 ] and reduce blood pressure [ 19 , 23 , 45 ] in animal models. Specifically, carnosine has been shown to reduce lipid peroxidation [ 20 ], atherogenic ApoB containing lipoproteins (oxidized LDL and VLDL)[ 46 ], triglycerides and extracellular lipid in the plaque in rodents [ 47 ]. Here, we show that muscle carnosine is related to HDL as well as atherogenic index but not to total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides.…”

“…There is evidence that both chronic low-grade inflammation [ 9 , 10 , 16 ] as well as AGEs play an important role in pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes [ 17 , 18 ]. An increasing number of animal studies have suggested a role for carnosine supplementation in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications as well as cardiovascular risk factors (adverse lipid profile and hypertension) and disease [ 19 , 20 ] [ 13 – 15 , 21 ] [ 22 – 31 ].…”

Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae polysaccharides protect HUVECs from H2O2-induced injury by regulating PPARγ factor and the NADPH oxidase/ROS–NF-κB signal pathway

“…MDA is an index to judge the extent of lipid peroxidation on cell membrane (Yapislar and Taskin, 2014), and it has greater toxicity and can affect normal cell function by interacting with phospholipid protein and depositing inside the cells (Wei et al, 2010). The accumulation of free radicals can result in development of many diseases.…”