L'engraissement spontané du foie ches les palmipèdes : état des lieux et perspectives de recherche

Knudsen, Christelle; Bonnefont, Cécile; Fortun-Lamothe, Laurence; Ricaud, Karine; Fernández, Xavier

doi:10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.2.2318

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 40 publications

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“…Une première preuve de concept a été démontrée chez l'oie (Guy et al 2013). Toutefois, les connaissances actuelles ne permettent pas de proposer un système de production économiquement viable ni socialement acceptable (Knudsen et al 2017).…”

Section: / Acceptabilité Socialeunclassified

Les services rendus par les systèmes de production de foie gras agroforestiers : l’exemple de l’association entre oies et noyers en Périgord

Bijja¹,

Arroyo²,

Lavigne³

et al. 2018

INRA Prod. Anim.

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L’élevage rend de nombreux services dans les territoires dans lesquels il est implanté et il est intéressant de pouvoir les appréhender dans leur globalité. L’objectif de cette étude est de réaliser une qualification du bouquet de services rendus par les systèmes de production de foie gras agroforestiers en prenant comme exemple l’association oies / noyers en Périgord. Le cadre conceptuel utilisé a été adapté de Ryschawy et al (2015). Les données proviennent 1) de mesures biologiques (croissance des arbres ou production de fruit, comportement des animaux, biodiversité) ou pédologiques (fertilité des sols) réalisées sur des oies adultes élevées sur des parcours contenant des noyers âgés de 7 à 11 ans et 2) des données de la littérature pour les autres dimensions. Notre analyse montre que l’élevage des oies pour la production de foie gras sur des parcours implantés de noyers est à bénéfices réciproques puisque l’ombre apportée par les noyers est très appréciée des animaux, et que les déjections des oies fertilisent les arbres ce qui augmente leur croissance et leur production de fruits sans altérer leur qualité sanitaire. Cette association rend des services i) d’approvisionnement par la fourniture en quantité relative modérée de foie gras, de viande d’oie, de bois de noyers, de noix et de coproduits (duvets et graisse d’oie, coques et brou de noix) ; ii) de préservation de la qualité environnementale en valorisants des coproduits dans l’alimentation des animaux (77 t/an) et en préservant la fertilité du sol ; iii) patrimoniaux et de qualité de vie par le biais de produits labellisés et à haute valeur ajoutée (AOC Noix du Périgord, marque Oie du Périgord) et le maintien du patrimoine culturel et gastronomique; et iv) de vitalité territoriale par la création d’emplois et la contribution à l’agrotourisme. Il a aussi des externalités négatives (impacts environnementaux, acceptabilité sociale du gavage et risques sanitaires). Ce travail permet de montrer que les bénéfices de l’association oies/noyers sont beaucoup plus larges que les intérêts techniques et économiques qui les ont justifiés.

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Section: / Acceptabilité Socialeunclassified

Les services rendus par les systèmes de production de foie gras agroforestiers : l’exemple de l’association entre oies et noyers en Périgord

Bijja¹,

Arroyo²,

Lavigne³

et al. 2018

INRA Prod. Anim.

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Influence of dietary strategy on progression of health and behaviour in mule ducks reared for fatty liver production

Litt

Leterrier

Savietto

et al. 2020

Animal

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Overfeeding in ducks is questioned because forced introduction of food into the animal and metabolic overload may induce damage to health and discomfort. In this context, the objective of our experiment was to measure the impact of dietary strategy on the progression of animal status evaluated through 28 health and behavioural indicators in ducks reared for fatty liver production. To do this, 320 ducks were forced-fed twice a day from 70 to 90 days of age including 10 days of overfeeding (87 to 96 days). They were divided into two groups differing in the feeding strategy during overfeeding period: a moderate feed intake (MI, an average of 376 g of maize flour per meal, n = 160 ducks) or at high feed intake (HI, 414 g/meal, n = 160 ducks). We evaluated 28 indicators related to Good feeding (n = 3), Good housing (n = 4), Good health (n = 10) and Appropriate behaviour (n = 11) principles, taken from the European Welfare Quality Consortium® at four stages: before overfeeding (BEF; 80 days), at the beginning (88 days), the middle (MID; 92 days) or the end of overfeeding (END; 96 days). Animals were slaughtered at 93 and 97 days to measure fatty liver weight at MID and END stages (n = 80 per group). The results showed that dietary strategy influenced the fatty liver weight at MID (+23% in HI v. MI group; P < 0;05) and END stage (+23%; P < 0.05). Assessment stage influenced 13 of the 28 indicators measured. Among these 13 indicators, (i) BEF differed from END stage for 7 indicators and (ii) the dietary strategy degraded all the indicators chosen to evaluate the Good feeding (2/2) principle, but had no effect on the indicators related to the Good health (0/4) principle while (iii) most of the indicators that evaluated Good housing (2/3) and Appropriate behaviour (2/4) principles were affected by an interaction between both factors. Our results suggest that (i) duck fattening status, including the fatty liver weight, and several welfare indicators progressed during the fatty liver production process; and (ii) feeding strategy influenced or even interacted with this progression.

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The intestinal microbial composition in Greylag geese differs with steatosis induction mode: spontaneous or induced by overfeeding

Knudsen

Arroyo²,

Even

et al. 2021

anim microbiome

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Background Relationships between microbial composition and steatosis are being extensively studied in mammals, and causal relations have been evidenced. In migratory birds the liver can transiently store lipids during pre-migratory and migratory phases, but little is known about the implications of the digestive microbiota in those mechanisms. The Landaise greylag goose (Anser anser) is a good model to study steatosis in migratory birds as it is domesticated, but is still, from a genetic point of view, close to its wild migratory ancestor. It also has a great ingestion capacity and a good predisposition for hepatic steatosis, whether spontaneous or induced by conventional overfeeding. The conventional (overfeeding) and alternative (spontaneous steatosis induction) systems differ considerably in duration and feed intake level and previous studies have shown that aptitudes to spontaneous steatosis are very variable. The present study thus aimed to address two issues: (i) evaluate whether microbial composition differs with steatosis-inducing mode; (ii) elucidate whether a digestive microbial signature could be associated with variable aptitudes to spontaneous liver steatosis. Results Performances, biochemical composition of the livers and microbiota differed considerably in response to steatosis stimulation. We namely identified the genus Romboutsia to be overrepresented in birds developing a spontaneous steatosis in comparison to those submitted to conventional overfeeding while the genera Ralstonia, Variovorax and Sphingomonas were underrepresented only in birds that did not develop a spontaneous steatosis compared to conventionally overfed ones, birds developing a spontaneous steatosis having intermediate values. Secondly, no overall differences in microbial composition were evidenced in association with variable aptitudes to spontaneous steatosis, although one OTU, belonging to the Lactobacillus genus, was overrepresented in birds having developed a spontaneous steatosis compared to those that had not. Conclusions Our study is the first to evaluate the intestinal microbial composition in association with steatosis, whether spontaneous or induced by overfeeding, in geese. Steatosis induction modes were associated with distinct digestive microbial compositions. However, unlike what can be observed in mammals, no clear microbial signature associated with spontaneous steatosis level was identified.

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L'engraissement spontané du foie ches les palmipèdes : état des lieux et perspectives de recherche

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Les services rendus par les systèmes de production de foie gras agroforestiers : l’exemple de l’association entre oies et noyers en Périgord

Les services rendus par les systèmes de production de foie gras agroforestiers : l’exemple de l’association entre oies et noyers en Périgord

Influence of dietary strategy on progression of health and behaviour in mule ducks reared for fatty liver production

The intestinal microbial composition in Greylag geese differs with steatosis induction mode: spontaneous or induced by overfeeding

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