Slavery in Pharaonic Egypt was a relatively minor phenomenon, with significant differences from slavery in Greek and Roman societies. The creation of the Ptolemaic state and the subsequent Roman conquest had important consequences for the history of slavery in Egypt. In the course of the Ptolemaic and Roman imperial periods, the introduction of Greek and Roman patterns of slaveholding alongside wider changes in the Egyptian economy and society led to a significant increase in the numbers and uses of slaves in Egypt. Egypt offers therefore an ideal case study for examining the changing history of ancient slavery and the entanglement between different slaving traditions. The exceptional nature of Egyptian documentary papyri makes it possible to explore subjects like patterns of slaveholding, gender ratios among slaves, and the employment of slaves in different economic sectors.