Narrations on fragility and resilience in the Sahel paint a picture about the region's inherent ungovernability that lead to consider an endless state-and peace-building process as the most feasible governance solution. Everyday practices of violent entrepreneurship, coalescing with inter-community and land-tenure conflicts, now inform social relations and are transforming moral economies around Lake Chad. While competition over territory suitable for farming, grazing and fishing has intensified, dispute-settlement practices organised by community-level authorities have proven ineffective and lacking the necessary means to respond to the encroachment of a wide range of interests claimed by increasingly powerful actors. Meanwhile, communities organised in self-defence militias are undergoing a process of progressive militarisation that tends to normalise violence and legitimise extrajudicial vigilante justice, further empowering capitalendowed arms suppliers gravitating in the jihadi galaxy, such as the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP).