L-Histidine Inhibits Biofilm Formation and FLO11-Associated Phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Flor Yeasts

Abstract

Flor yeasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have an innate diversity of FLO11 which codes for a highly hydrophobic and anionic cell-wall glycoprotein with a fundamental role in biofilm formation. In this study, 380 nitrogen compounds were administered to three S. cerevisiae flor strains handling FLO11 alleles with different expression levels. S. cerevisiae strain S288c was used as the reference strain as it cannot produce FLO11p. The flor strains generally metabolized amino acids and dipeptides as the sole nitrogen source, although with some exceptions regarding L-histidine and histidine containing dipeptides. L-histidine completely inhibited growth and its effect on viability was inversely related to FLO11 expression. Accordingly, L-histidine did not affect the viability of the Δflo11 and S288c strains. Also, L-histidine dramatically decreased air–liquid biofilm formation and adhesion to polystyrene of the flor yeasts with no effect on the transcription level of the FLO11 gene. Moreover, L-histidine modified the chitin and glycans content on the cell-wall of flor yeasts. These findings reveal a novel biological activity of L-histidine in controlling the multicellular behavior of yeasts.

Growth-dependent surface characteristics of Hansenula Polymorpha: implications for expanded bed adsorption chromatography

“…The above observed results can be explained on the fundamental changes occurring on the cell surface compositions during fermentation when the medium is depleted of necessary nutrients, resulting in the rearrangements of the cell wall, in terms of the hydrophobicity and adhesion. These phenomenon have also been observed in other yeasts like in nutrient-depleted S. cerevisiae in which specific changes to the cell at the level of the cell-wall organization, nutrient consumption, and cellular interactions with the surrounding environment occurred during different growth phases [26,29,39]. Analytically, the significance of these trends emerges in Table 3, where Lifshitz-van der Waals (∆G LW ) and acid-base (∆G AB ) interaction free energies of the biomass phases with different adsorbents have been calculated.…”

“…These effects are observed in the measured zeta potentials for the different biomass phases (Table 4). Since microbial cell surface properties like hydrophobicity and surface charge depend on the nutritional composition medium [29], reduction in nitrogen source (starvation) induces the production of a cell-wall glycoproteins (O-mannosylated protein) [21,22,29], that become phosphorylated at different growth phases thereby giving the outer cell surface of yeast negatively charged groups [26], hence providing an anionic surface charge i.e. the increase in the characteristic negative charge observed in H. polymorpha through its growth, a similar effect observed in Ferroplasma acidiphilum [29].…”

“…H. polymorpha like other methylotrophic yeast strains has a rigid bilayer cell wall, mainly composed of mannoproteins linked convalently to glucans, to lesser extent chitin, and is located outside of the plasma membrane [21][22][23][24]. This cell wall/ surface undergo rearrangements during cell growth and this physicochemical/ or specific molecular character of the cell surface composition can be key to better understand the interaction to solid supports [25,26]. We have previously demonstrated the application of colloid theory methods, namely, extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek (xDLVO) theory, in successfully explaining these interactions [27].…”

Rutin, a Natural Inhibitor of IGPD Protein, Inhibits the Biofilm Formation inStaphylococcus xylosusATCC700404

“…Imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase (IGPD) is the major enzyme in the pathway of histidine biosynthesis in bacteria and plants [25,26]. As one of the pathways of nitrogen metabolism, Lhistidine synthesis pathway is related to biofilm formation [27,28]. IGPD catalyzes the sixth step of histidine biosynthesis which involves a dehydration reaction to produce imidazoleacetol phosphate (IAP) from imidazoleglycerol phosphate (IGP) and a concomitant water molecule [29][30][31][32], it is often used as a target for herbicides because of its unique biological characteristics [26,33].…”

A novel link between Cell Wall Integrity pathway and Flocculation, regulated by yeast Sen1 dependent interplay between Rlm1 and Tup1

“…The expression of FLO11 is linked with mutations in certain genes leading to flocculation of yeast. The FLO11-associated phenotypes such as biofilm formation and adhesion to polystyrene are inhibited by L-Histidine through altering the chitin and glycan content on the cell wall of flor yeasts (BOU ZEIDAN et al 2014). Similarly, the deletion of the ribosomal RPL32 gene in fission yeast and deletion mutants of the COMPASS complex (Histone H3 methyltransferase) in budding yeast induces the flocculation phenotype (DIETVORST and BRANDT 2008).…”