L’histoire de l’enseignement supérieur français. Pour une approche globale

Ideology Of Reforms: Joint Programs In The French And Russian Education Systems

“…Almost simultaneously, the Bologna Process was joined by Russia (2003). In addition to the transition to the new training system, France launched the process of expansion of universities (the University of Strasbourg became the first of them in 2008) (Picard, 2009). Similar processes, with the ultimate goal of consolidating education, have also been observed in the Russian educational space (Tyapin, Mal'tseva, 2016): since 2007, a number of major Russian universities have been unified through divisional management, absorption or merging.…”

“…Under the 1968 reform in France, the single big universities were decentralized, and the traditional faculties were transformed into Units of Education and Research (UER, to become UFR as of 1984). The main consequence of the reform was the large autonomy granted to universities in both financial and academic activities (Picard, 2009). The state controls the work of universities: any educational program undergoes examination and validation, the ministry issues a license for its implementation, but the program is fully prepared by the university, there are no state standards, nor is there a mandatory block of disciplines in the master's program curriculum.…”

Field of Higher Education Research: France

“…The strength of the academic disciplines were reinforced by the Republican reforms led at the end of the ninetieth century when was settled the CCE (Comité consultatif de l'enseignement public), the ancestor of the present National Council of Universities (CNU) created in 1945. The CNU is now organized into disciplinary sections that have decision-making power over professors' recruitment and career progresseven though universities have gained the control of the final recruitment through the creation of local committees of recruitment (commissions de spécialistes) at the beginning of the 1990s (Picard 2012). Today, the sections of the CNU remain organized according to the five orders of faculties as defined by Napoleon; among the 87 sections existing today, only 5 are labeled as multidisciplinary (https://www.conseil-national-des-universites.fr/ cnu/#/).…”

The University as power or counter-power? May 1968 and the emergence of a new learning subject

“…This phenomenon caused universities to be overcrowded and has been cited as one of the reasons for the students' protests (Macey, 2004). The Fouchet commission attempted a reform that was highly contested in 1967 and it took the events of May 1968 for Edgar Faure, then minister of education, to propose the creation of a network of comprehensive universities ('universities de proximité') in addition to the already existing seventeen traditional universities (Goulard, 2007;Picard, 2009), which helped to defuse the tension.…”